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Christmas Exam
Thingies I need to know for the upcoming Christmas exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| to be | Bí |
| am | tá |
| am not | níl |
| to say | Abair |
| say | deir |
| doesn’t say | ní deir |
| to get, to receive | Faigh |
| get | faigheann |
| don’t get | ní fhaigheann |
| to go | Téigh |
| go | téann |
| don’t go | ní théann |
| to catch, to seize | Beir |
| catch | beireann |
| don’t catch | ní bheireann |
| to see | Feic |
| see | feiceann |
| don’t see | ní fheiceann |
| to give | Tabhair |
| give | tugann |
| don’t give | ní thugann |
| to pay | Íoc |
| pay | íocann |
| don’t pay | ní íocann |
| to do, to make | Déan |
| do | déanann |
| don’t do | ní dhéanann |
| to come | Tar |
| come | tagann |
| don’t come | ní thagann |
| I go | téim |
| to put | Cuir |
| put | cuireann |
| don't put | ní chuireann |
| who wrote yu ming is ainm dom? | Daniel O'hara |
| Function of Cell Membrane? | Protects the cell and controls what enters/exits |
| Function of Cytoplasm? | Holds organelles and site of metabolic activities |
| Function of Nucleus? | Stores genetic material (DNA) and controls cell functions |
| Function of Mitochondria? | Produces energy (ATP) through cellular respiration |
| Function of Ribosomes? | Synthesizes proteins |
| Function of Endoplasmic Reticulum? | Synthesizes proteins and lipids |
| Function of Golgi Apparatus? | Modifies, packages, and transports proteins and lipids |
| Function of Lysosomes? | Breaks down waste and cellular debris |
| Function of Cytoskeleton? | Provides structure, movement, and intracellular transport |
| Function of Centrioles? | Organizes microtubules during cell division |
| Function of Vacuoles? | Stores nutrients, waste, and maintains cell pressure (in plant cells) |
| what is Function of Chloroplasts? | Conducts photosynthesis (in plant cells) |
| Function of Cell Wall? | Provides structure and protection (in plant cells) |
| what Protects the cell and controls what enters/exits? | Cell Membrane |
| what Holds organelles and site of metabolic activities? | Cytoplasm |
| what Stores genetic material (DNA) and controls cell functions? | Nucleus |
| what Produces energy (ATP) through cellular respiration? | Mitochondria |
| what Synthesizes proteins? | Ribosomes |
| what Synthesizes proteins and lipids? | Endoplasmic Reticulum |
| what Modifies, packages, and transports proteins and lipids? | Golgi Apparatus |
| what Breaks down waste and cellular debris? | Lysosomes |
| what Provides structure, movement, and intracellular movement? | Cytoskeleton |
| what Organizes microtubules during cell division? | Centrioles |
| what Stores nutrients, waste, and maintains cell pressure (in plant cells)? | Vacuoles |
| what Conducts photosynthesis (in plant cells)? | Chloroplasts |
| what Provides structure and protection (in plant cells)? | Cell Wall |
| why do plant cells have Chloroplasts? | Plants use sunlight to make their food, so they have chloroplasts (they help plants make food through photosynthesis). |
| why do plant cells have a Cell Wall? | Plants need to stay upright and strong, so they have a tough outer wall (called the cell wall) to protect and support them. |
| why do plant cells have a Large Vacuole? | Plants have a big vacuole to store water and keep the cell firm (helps the plant stay bloated and strong). |
| why do animal cells have No Cell Wall? | Animal cells are more flexible and don’t need a hard outer wall because they move around and don’t need the same kind of protection that plants do. |
| why do animal cells have Centrioles? | Animal cells need special parts to help them divide and grow properly, so they have centrioles for cell division (splitting into two cells). |
| why do animal cells have Smaller Vacuoles? | Animal cells have smaller vacuoles for storing food, water, and waste. |
| why do bacterial cells have a Cell Wall? | Like plant cells, bacteria also have a cell wall to protect them. |
| why do bacterial cells have No Nucleus or Organelles? | Bacteria are simpler than plant or animal cells, so they don’t have a nucleus or many of the "fancy" organelles that more complex cells have. |
| Why are Some Parts Only in Certain Cells? | Plants need chloroplasts to make their own food from sunlight. Animals need flexibility (no cell wall) and centrioles to help their cells divide. Bacteria are simpler and don’t need all the extra parts because they can survive in different ways. |
| how does the microscope's Eyepiece (Ocular Lens) work? | It magnifies the image. Usually, it has a magnification of 10x, meaning it makes the image 10 times bigger than it really is. |
| how does the microscope's Objective Lenses work? | They provide different levels of magnification (usually 4x, 10x, 40x, and sometimes 100x). You can rotate the nosepiece to switch between different objective lenses, depending on how much you want to zoom in. |
| how does the microscope's Coarse Focus Knob work? | It moves the stage (the platform where you place the slide) up or down to bring the object into rough focus. You use this knob to start focusing, especially at lower magnifications. |
| how does the microscope's Fine Focus Knob work? | It allows you to make tiny, precise adjustments to the focus, helping you get a clearer image after using the coarse focus knob. |
| how does the microscope's Stage work? | It supports the slide and may have clips to hold the slide in place. The stage can usually be moved up or down to adjust the position of the sample. |
| how does the microscope's Stage Clips work? | They hold the slide in place so it doesn’t move while you're looking at it under the microscope. |
| how does the microscope's Condenser Lens work? | Focuses light onto the specimen, helping to improve the quality of the image. |
| how does the microscope's Diaphragm (Aperture) work? | It controls the amount of light that reaches the specimen. Adjusting it can help improve the contrast of the image. |
| how does the microscope's Light Source work? | Provides the light needed to see the sample. In modern microscopes, it is usually an LED light built into the base, but older microscopes may use a mirror that reflects light. |
| how does the microscope's Arm work? | It provides support and is what you use to carry the microscope safely. |
| how does the microscope's Base work? | It supports the entire microscope and usually contains the light source. It’s where the microscope rests on a flat surface. |
| how does the microscope's Nosepiece work? | It lets you switch between different objective lenses by rotating it. |
| what is the microscope's Eyepiece (Ocular Lens)? | The part you look through at the top of the microscope. |
| what is the microscope's Objective Lenses? | These are the lenses located on the rotating part called the nosepiece, near the bottom of the microscope. |
| what is the microscope's Coarse Focus Knob? | A large knob, usually on the side of the microscope. |
| what is the microscope's Fine Focus Knob? | A smaller knob, often located near the coarse focus knob. |
| what is the microscope's Stage? | The flat platform where you place the slide that holds the sample. |
| what are the microscope's Stage Clips? | Metal clips on the stage. |
| what is the microscope's Condenser Lens? | Located below the stage. |
| what is the microscope's Diaphragm (Aperture)? | A small adjustable disk located under the stage, usually near the condenser lens. |
| what is the microscope's Light Source? | The light bulb or mirror that shines light through the specimen. |
| what is the microscope's Arm? | The curved part that connects the eyepiece and body tube to the base of the microscope. |
| what is the microscope's Base? | The bottom part of the microscope. |
| what is the microscope's Nosepiece? | The rotating part that holds the objective lenses. |
| what dye do I add to plant cells to see them clearer? | Iodine Solution (Iodine Stain) |
| what dye do I add to animal cells to see them clearer? | Methylene Blue |
| what verbs are syncopated in irish? | verbs ending in il, ir, in, or is |
| what does the Mouth do as part of the digestive system? | Chews food into smaller pieces, mixes food with saliva for easier swallowing. |
| what does the Esophagus do as part of the digestive system? | Transports food from the mouth to the stomach using peristalsis (muscular contractions). |
| what does the Stomach do as part of the digestive system? | Churns food and mixes it with gastric juices (HCl and pepsin) to begin the breakdown of proteins, turning it into chyme. |
| what does the Small Intestine do as part of the digestive system? | Digests and absorbs nutrients. Receives bile (from liver) and digestive enzymes (from pancreas) to break down food into absorbable molecules. |
| what does the do Liver as part of the digestive system? | Produces bile, processes nutrients, detoxifies harmful substances, and stores glucose. |
| what does the Pancreas do as part of the digestive system? | Produces digestive enzymes (amylase, lipase, proteases) and bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid in the small intestine. |
| what does the Large Intestine do as part of the digestive system? | Absorbs water and salts, converts undigested food into solid waste. Contains bacteria that break down fiber and produce some vitamins. |
| what do the Rectum & Anus do as part of the digestive system? | Stores solid waste and expels it through the anus. |
| what does the chemical Salivary amylase do? | Breaks down starches into simpler sugars (in mouth). |
| what does the chemical Pepsin do? | Breaks down proteins into smaller peptides (in stomach). |
| what does the chemical Hydrochloric acid (HCl) do? | Creates acidic environment to aid protein digestion and kill harmful bacteria. |
| what does the chemical Bile do? | Emulsifies fats to make them easier to digest (in small intestine). |
| what does the chemical Amylase (pancreatic) do? | Breaks down carbohydrates into simple sugars (in small intestine). |
| what does the chemical Lipase do? | Breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol (in small intestine). |
| what does the chemical Protease do? | Breaks down proteins into amino acids (in small intestine). |
| what does the chemical Bicarbonate do? | Neutralizes acidic chyme from the stomach to prevent damage to the small intestine. |
| where does the chemical Salivary amylase come from? | Salivary glands |
| where does the chemical Pepsin come from? | Stomach |
| where does the chemical Hydrochloric acid (HCl) come from? | Stomach |
| where does the chemical Bile come from? | Liver (stored in gallbladder) |
| where does the chemical Amylase come from? | Pancreas |
| where does the chemical Lipase come from? | Pancreas |
| where does the chemical Protease come from? | Pancreas |
| where does the chemical Bicarbonate come from? | Pancreas |
| where are atriums in the heart? | the top two chambers |
| where are ventricles in the heart? | the bottom two chambers |
| are right and left reversed when looking at a heart diagram? | yes |
| what is a tissue? | A tissue is a group of cells with a similar structure and function. |
| what blood vessel has thicker walls? | arteries |
| what blood vessel has thinner walls? | veins |
| what blood vessel has the smallest walls? | capilleries |
| describe white blood cells. | Mostly made in the bone marrow and Fights infection |
| describe red blood cells. | Made in the bone marrow, Carries oxygen and has a dip in the shape |
| describe platelets. | Made in the bone marrow and Helps to clot blood when blood vessels are damaged |
| describe plasma. | 90% water, 10% plasma proteins, glucose, salts, amino acids and urea |
| how do red blood cells carry oxygen? | Haemoglobin molecules inside red blood cells and a dip in the red blood cells' shape pick up and carry the oxygen |
| where do capilleries lead? | between blood vessels |
| where do veins lead? | back to the heart |
| where do arteries lead? | from/away from the heart |
| why do arteries have thicker walls? | because of the pressure from the blood pumping from the heart |
| what do valves do? | prevent regurgitation/backflow of blood |
| where are valves found? | arteries |
| Do all veins carry deoxygenated blood? | Generally, veins carry deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart |
| what is a resource? | A resource refers to anything that is used to produce goods and services or to meet the needs and wants of individuals or society. Resources can be natural, human-made, or human-related. |
| what is a natural resource? | A natural resource is a material or substance that occurs in the natural environment and is used by humans for production or consumption, such as water, minerals, land, and forests. |
| what is a financial resource? | Financial resources refer to the money and assets that individuals, businesses, or governments have available to fund activities, investments, and operations. |
| what is a human resource? | Human resources refer to the people involved in producing goods and services. It includes the knowledge, skills, and abilities of workers as well as their labor. |
| what is a physical/capital resource? | Physical or capital resources are the man-made goods that are used in the production of other goods and services, such as machinery, tools, buildings, and infrastructure. |
| what is a time resource? | Time resource refers to the amount of time available to an individual or organization for work or leisure. It is a limited resource that must be managed effectively. |
| what is regular income? | Regular income is a predictable and recurring source of income, such as a salary or wages, earned consistently on a daily, weekly, or monthly basis. |
| what is irregular income? | Irregular income is income that is unpredictable and varies from time to time, such as freelance work, commissions, or sporadic business earnings. |
| what is a salary? | A salary is a fixed, regular payment typically paid monthly or biweekly to an employee, regardless of the number of hours worked. |
| what is a wage? | A wage is compensation paid to employees based on the number of hours worked or the amount of work done, typically calculated on an hourly, daily, or weekly basis. |
| what are overtime payments? | Overtime payments refer to extra wages paid to employees for working beyond their standard working hours. Overtime is usually paid at a higher rate than regular wages. |
| what is piece rate? | A piece rate is a form of payment based on the amount of work completed or the number of items produced, rather than the number of hours worked. |
| what is commission? | Commission is a payment made to an employee based on a percentage of sales or revenue they generate, often used in sales jobs. |
| what are bonus payments? | Bonus payments are additional compensation given to employees as a reward for good performance or achieving specific goals. They are typically not part of the regular salary. |
| what is basic pay? | Basic pay refers to the amount of money an employee is paid before any bonuses, overtime, or deductions are added. |
| what is gross pay? | Gross pay is the total amount an employee earns before any deductions (such as taxes or insurance) are taken out. |
| what is net pay? | Net pay is the amount an employee receives after all deductions (such as taxes and benefits) have been subtracted from the gross pay. |
| what are deductions? | Deductions are amounts subtracted from an employee's gross pay. |
| what are voluntary deductions? | These are deductions an employee agrees to, such as contributions to pension plans, health insurance, or union dues. |
| what are statuary deductions? | These are mandatory deductions required by law, such as income tax, social security, and other government-mandated contributions. |
| what is PAYE? | PAYE (Pay As You Earn) is a system where employers deduct income tax from employees' wages or salary before they are paid, passing the deducted tax on to the government. |
| what is PRSI? | PRSI (Pay-Related Social Insurance) is a social insurance system in Ireland, where workers and employers contribute to a fund that provides benefits such as pensions, unemployment benefits, and other social services. |
| what is USC? | USC (Universal Social Charge) is a tax in Ireland on an individual's income, which is deducted from wages or salary to fund public services. |
| what is disposable income? | Disposable income is the amount of income left after mandatory deductions (such as taxes, social security) that can be spent on essentials or saved. |
| what is discretinary income? | Discretionary income is the portion of disposable income that is available for non-essential expenses or luxury goods, such as entertainment, travel, or hobbies. |
| what is minimum wage? | Minimum wage is the lowest legal hourly, daily, or monthly wage that an employer can pay to an employee. It is set by law to ensure fair pay for workers. |
| what is living wage? | A living wage is the amount of income needed for a worker to meet basic needs such as food, shelter, and other essentials, typically set higher than the minimum wage to account for the cost of living. |
| what happens to food when it enters the Mouth? | - Mechanical digestion: Teeth break down food into smaller pieces through chewing. - Chemical digestion: Saliva (contains amylase) begins breaking down carbohydrates. - Bolus formation: Food is mixed with saliva to form a moist, chewable ball (bolus). |
| what happens to food when it reaches the Esophagus? | - Peristalsis: Muscular contractions push the bolus from the mouth to the stomach. - Lower esophageal sphincter (LES): Prevents food from going back up into the esophagus. |
| what happens to food when it reaches the Stomach? | - Mechanical digestion: Stomach churns food, turning it into a semi-liquid substance (chyme). - Chemical digestion: Pepsin breaks down proteins, and acid helps digest food and kill bacteria. - Fat digestion: Begins, but not all of this happens here. |
| what happens to food when it reaches the Small Intestine (Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum)? | - Duodenum: Chyme mixes with bile (from liver) and pancreatic enzymes for further breakdown of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates. - Nutrient absorption: In the jejunum and ileum, nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream through villi and microvilli. |
| what happens to food when it reaches the Large Intestine (Colon)? | - Water and electrolyte absorption: Absorbs water and salts, turning liquid waste into solid. - Bacterial fermentation: Beneficial bacteria ferment undigested fibers and produce gases and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). |
| what happens to food when it reaches the Rectum and Anus? | Waste storage: Solid waste is stored in the rectum. - Defecation: Waste is expelled through the anus in the form of feces. |
| how wide are capillaries? | 1 cell wide |
| what are capillaries used for? | Exchange of Nutrients and Gases, Connecting Arteries and Veins, Maintaining Homeostasis and Immune Function |
| what are the 3 types of rocks? | igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary |
| what are intrusive rocks? | rocks formed inside the earth |
| what are extrusive rocks? | rocks formed outside the earth |
| how are igneous rocks formed? | These rocks form from the cooling and solidification of molten magma or lava. |
| how are sedimentary rocks formed? | Sedimentary rocks are formed from the accumulation and compaction of sediments, which can be fragments of other rocks, organic matter, or minerals. Over time, layers of sediment build up and harden into rock. |
| how are metamorphic rocks formed? | Metamorphic rocks form when existing rocks (either igneous, sedimentary, or other metamorphic rocks) are subjected to high pressure, temperature, or chemically active fluids, causing them to change in structure or composition without melting. |
| what side of the heart is the aorta on (if looking at a diagram)? | right |
| what side of the heart is the vena cava on (if looking at a diagram)? | left |
| give some examples of igneous rocks. | Granite, basalt, and pumice. |
| give some examples of sedimentary rocks. | Sandstone, limestone, shale. |
| give some examples of metamorphic rocks. | Marble (from limestone), slate (from shale), schist. |
| explain the characteristics of igneous rocks. | They can be intrusive (formed inside the Earth, like granite) or extrusive (formed on the Earth's surface, like basalt). |
| explain the characteristics of sedimentary rocks. | They often have visible layers and may contain fossils. They can be clastic (from broken rock particles), chemical (from mineral crystals), or organic (from plant or animal remains). |
| explain the characteristics of metamorphic rocks. | They often have a foliated texture (layered appearance) or non-foliated texture (uniform, crystalline structure). |
| what are the 3 types of plate boundaries? | constructive, destructive and passive |
| what are the two types of tectonic plates? | oceanic and continental |
| what type of tectonic plate is heavier? | oceanic |
| what happens at passive plate boundaries? | two tectonic plates pass each other, allowing for earthquakes to occur. |
| what happens at destructive plate boundaries? | two plates crash into each other, forming fold mountains and earthquakes. |
| what happens at constructive plate boundaries? | at constructive plate boundaries, two plates seperate, forming volcanoes. |
| what is the life cycle of a rock? | Igneous rock forms from cooling magma/lava. Erosion turns rock into sediments. Sediments gather and squish making sedimentary rocks. Metamorphism changes sedimentary /igneous rocks to metamorphic rocks under heat/pressure. Rocks melt to form new magma |
| how are volcanoes made? | volcanoes are made when magma from the Earth's mantle rises to the surface due to tectonic activity, forming a cone/mountain as it erupts/cools. |
| how are fold mountains made? | Fold mountains form when two continental plates collide, causing compression of the Earth's crust. The crust folds, creating anticlinal and synclinal structures. Over time, uplift and erosion form mountain ranges, like the Himalayas and Alps. |
| my birthday is on the seventh of september. | ich habe am siebten september geburtstag. / mein geburtstag ist am siebten september. |
| Look at the board! | Schaut mal zur Tafel! |
| Quiet, please! | Ruhe, bitte! |
| Pay attention! | Pass bitte auf! |
| Do you understand? | Verstehst du das? |
| Listen! | Hört genau zu! |
| Write that down! | Schreibt das auf! |
| Read, please! | Lies, bitte! |
| Put up your hand! | Meldet euch! |
| Turn to page ... | Blättert auf Seite ... um! |
| Please hand out the work sheets. | Verteile bitte die Arbeitsblätter. |
| Open the door! | Mach die Tür auf! |
| Close the door! | Mach die Tür zu! |
| Turn on the light! | Mach das Licht an! |
| Turn off the light! | Mach das Licht aus! |
| Whose turn is it? / Who’s next? | Wer ist dran? |
| Well done! | Gut gemacht! |
| Learn the words by heart! | Lernt die Wörter auswendig! |
| Open the books! | Macht die Bücher auf! |
| Close the books! | Macht die Bücher zu! |
| Look here! | Guck mal hier! |
| Turn around! | Dreh dich um! |
| Can you see that? | Könnt ihr das sehen? |
| Sit down! | Setz dich bitte hin! |
| Homework for today! | Hausaufgaben für heute! |
| Now it's your turn! | Jetzt bist du dran! |
| Stop! | Hör auf! |
| Only in German! | Nur auf Deutsch! |
| what is the plural of atrium? | atria |
| Where is the right atrium located on a heart diagram? | The right atrium is on the upper right side of the heart. It receives deoxygenated blood from the body through the superior and inferior vena cava. |
| Where is the right ventricle located on a heart diagram? | The right ventricle is located just below the right atrium, on the lower right side of the heart. It pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs via the pulmonary artery. |
| Where is the left atrium located on a heart diagram? | The left atrium is on the upper left side of the heart. It receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through the pulmonary veins. |
| Where is the left ventricle located on a heart diagram? | The left ventricle is located below the left atrium, on the lower left side of the heart. It pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body through the aorta. |
| Where is the septum located on a heart diagram? | The septum is the wall that separates the right and left sides of the heart, both the atria and the ventricles. |
| Where is the aorta located on a heart diagram? | The aorta is the large artery that leaves the left ventricle and curves upwards, distributing oxygenated blood to the body. |
| Where is the pulmonary artery located on a heart diagram? | The pulmonary artery is located just above the right ventricle. It carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs. |
| Where are the pulmonary veins located on a heart diagram? | The pulmonary veins are on the left side of the heart, entering the left atrium. They bring oxygenated blood from the lungs. |
| Where is the tricuspid valve located on a heart diagram? | The tricuspid valve is between the right atrium and the right ventricle, preventing backflow of blood. |
| Where is the bicuspid (mitral) valve located on a heart diagram? | The bicuspid (mitral) valve is between the left atrium and the left ventricle, preventing backflow of blood. |
| Where is the pulmonary valve located on a heart diagram? | The pulmonary valve is located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery, preventing backflow of blood into the right ventricle. |
| Where is the aortic valve located on a heart diagram? | The aortic valve is located between the left ventricle and the aorta, preventing backflow of blood into the left ventricle. |
| Where is the superior vena cava located on a heart diagram? | The superior vena cava is located on the upper right side of the heart, returning deoxygenated blood from the upper body to the right atrium. |
| Where is the inferior vena cava located on a heart diagram? | The inferior vena cava is located on the lower right side of the heart, returning deoxygenated blood from the lower body to the right atrium. |
| Where are the coronary arteries located on a heart diagram? | The coronary arteries branch off from the aorta, above the aortic valve, and supply the heart muscle with oxygenated blood. |
| Where are the coronary veins located on a heart diagram? | The coronary veins are located on the surface of the heart and return deoxygenated blood from the heart muscle to the right atrium via the coronary sinus. |
| what are the five major world religions? | christianity, judaism, islam, buddhism and hinduism |
| what is the symbol of judaism? | Star of David |
| what is the symbol of christianity? | Cross |
| what is the symbol of islam? | Crescent Moon and Star |
| what is the symbol of buddhism? | Dharma Wheel |
| what is the symbol of hinduism? | Om |
| who founded christianity, when and where? | Jesus Christ, Around 30–33 CE in Judea (Israel/Palestine) |
| who founded islam, when and where? | Prophet Muhammad, Around 610 CE in Mecca (Saudi Arabia) |
| who founded hinduism , when and where? | No single founder, 2000 BCE–1500 BCE in the Indian subcontinent |
| who founded buddhism, when and where? | Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha), 5th–4th century BCE in Lumbini (Nepal) |
| who founded judaism, when and where? | Abraham, Moses, 2000 BCE in the Middle East (Israel) |
| what does christianity focus on? | Belief in Jesus Christ as the Son of God and Savior, based on the Bible, emphasizing salvation and love. |
| what does islam focus on? | Monotheistic religion following the Qur'an, centered around the Five Pillars and submission to Allah. |
| what does judaism focus on? | Monotheistic religion, focusing on laws, ethics, and the covenant between God and the Jewish people. |
| what does hinduism focus on? | Ancient religion with a focus on dharma, karma, moksha, and a variety of gods. Reincarnation and rituals. |
| what does buddhism focus on? | Teachings of the Buddha, focusing on the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path to enlightenment. |
| what is the holy book of christianity? | The Bible |
| what is the holy book of islam? | The Qur'an |
| what is the holy book of buddhism? | The Tripitaka (Pali Canon), Mahayana Sutras |
| what is the holy book of hinduism? | The Vedas, Upanishads, Bhagavad Gita, Ramayana |
| what is the holy book of judaism? | the Tanakh, the Talmud and the Torah |
| describe the holy book of christianity. | Divided into the Old Testament (shared with Judaism) and New Testament (focuses on Jesus' life and teachings). |
| describe the holy book of islam. | The literal word of God revealed to Prophet Muhammad, containing 114 surahs and offering guidance on all aspects of life. |
| describe the holy book of hinduism. | The Vedas contain hymns and prayers; Upanishads focus on philosophy; Bhagavad Gita teaches about duty and devotion; Ramayana is an epic story of good vs. evil. |
| describe the holy book of buddhism. | The Tripitaka includes teachings and rules for monastic life, while the Mahayana Sutras focus on compassion and the path to enlightenment. |
| describe the holy book of judaism. | The Tanakh is the Hebrew Bible, including the Torah (Law), Nevi'im (Prophets), and Ketuvim (Writings); the Talmud contains discussions on Jewish law and ethics. |
| how do I look up bible references? | For example, if you wanted to look up John 3:16, first you would turn to the book of John. You would then turn to the 3rd chapter (the number before the colon is the chapter.). You would then find the 16th verse. |
| summarise the story of abraham. | God called Abraham to leave his home and promised him many descendants. He had a son, Isaac, with his wife Sarah. God tested Abraham's faith by asking him to sacrifice Isaac, but stopped him, providing a ram instead. |
| what sacred texts can I find the story of abraham in? | Judaism: In the Tanakh, specifically the Torah (Genesis 12–25). Christianity: In the Bible, specifically the Old Testament (Genesis 12–25). Islam: In the Qur'an, particularly in Surah 2:124–141, Surah 6:74–83, and Surah 37:100–111. |
| describe the covenant god made with abraham. | God’s covenant with Abraham promised him many descendants, the land of Canaan, and blessings for his descendants. As a sign, Abraham and his male descendants were to be circumcised. Through him, all nations would be blessed. |
| what is a covenant? | an agreement in a religious setting |
| explain how abraham showed his commitment to god. | Abraham showed his commitment to God by obeying His command to leave his homeland and trust in God's promises. His greatest act of faith was being willing to sacrifice his son Isaac, trusting God would provide, demonstrating his unwavering devotion. |
| explain the importance of abraham and his descendants for jews, christians and muslims. | Abraham is important to Jews, Christians, and Muslims as a symbol of faith. For Jews, he is the patriarch and the father of Israel. Christians see him as a model of faith, prefiguring Christ. Muslims honor him as a prophet and ancestor through Ishmael. |
| describe Moses as Prince of Egypt. | Moses, born to Hebrew slaves, was placed in a basket to escape Pharaoh’s order to kill Hebrew babies. He was found by Pharaoh’s daughter and raised as an Egyptian prince. |
| describe the Key Events in the Exodus. | Moses led the Israelites out of slavery in Egypt after God sent ten plagues to convince Pharaoh. The Israelites crossed the Red Sea, and God gave Moses the Ten Commandments at Mount Sinai. |
| describe the sacred texts in which the story of moses can be found. | The story of Moses and the Exodus is found in the Torah, specifically in the Book of Exodus. |
| describe passover. | Passover is a Jewish festival commemorating the Israelites' escape from Egypt. It celebrates God’s deliverance, marked by the "passing over" of Hebrew homes during the final plague. The meal includes unleavened bread and lamb. |
| what was the Covenant Between God and Israelites? | God promised to be the Israelites' God, and in return, they were to follow His laws. Moses received the covenant on Mount Sinai, symbolizing a special relationship between God and His people. |
| name a moral code. | The Ten Commandments are a key moral code, outlining basic ethical principles like honoring God, respecting others, and living justly. |
| what were the ten commandments? | No other gods. No idols. Don’t misuse God’s name. Keep the Sabbath holy. Honor your father and mother. Don’t murder. Don’t commit adultery. Don’t steal. Don’t give false testimony. Don’t covet. |
| explian moses's commitment to god. | Moses showed his commitment by leading the Israelites out of Egypt, interceding for them when they sinned, and following God's commands even through hardship, demonstrating unwavering faith and obedience. |
| what are the Seasons in the Christian Liturgical Calendar? | The seasons are Advent, Christmas, Epiphany, Lent, Easter, Pentecost, and Ordinary Time. |
| what are some Religious & Non-Religious Rituals During Advent? | Religious rituals include lighting the Advent wreath, attending church services, and prayer. Non-religious rituals include decorating homes, shopping, and preparing for Christmas. |
| what is the Symbolism of an Advent Wreath? | The Advent wreath, with four candles, symbolizes the passage of four weeks leading up to Christmas. Each candle represents hope, peace, joy, and love, with the final candle symbolizing Christ's birth. |
| what is the Meaning of Advent for Christians? | Advent is a time of preparation and anticipation for the coming of Christ. It is a period for Christians to reflect on His first coming and await His second coming. |
| what is the Prophets’ Message About the Messiah in the Old Testament? | The prophets foretold the coming of a Savior, a Messiah, who would bring peace, deliverance, and salvation. They described a righteous leader from the line of David. |
| what is the New Testament Belief About Jesus? | Christians believe Jesus is the promised Messiah, the Son of God, who came to save humanity through His death and resurrection, offering forgiveness and eternal life to those who believe in Him. |
| what were the Main Places in Palestine Associated with Jesus? | Key places include Nazareth (His childhood home), Bethlehem (His birthplace), Jerusalem (where He was crucified), Capernaum (His ministry base), and Golgotha (site of His crucifixion). |
| describe Daily Life in Palestine at the Time of Jesus. | Life was centered around family, farming, and religion. People lived in small villages, and many were poor. Romans ruled, and Jewish traditions shaped daily activities. Markets, synagogues, and festivals played key roles. |
| what was the Difference Between Religious Leaders in Israel at the time of Jesus? | The Pharisees were experts in Jewish law, emphasizing tradition and oral law, while the Sadducees were more elite, controlling the temple and focusing on written law. The Pharisees believed in resurrection; the Sadducees did not. |
| What is a Parable? | A parable is a simple story used to illustrate a moral or spiritual lesson. Jesus often used parables to teach important truths in a relatable way, using everyday situations to explain deeper meanings. |
| what was the purpose and Message of Parables? | The purpose of parables is to teach moral lessons and reveal the nature of God's kingdom. They invite reflection, challenge listeners, and encourage a deeper understanding of faith and living according to God's will. |
| what happened at the Sermon on the Mount? | In the Sermon on the Mount, Jesus taught about love, humility, and righteousness. Key teachings include loving enemies, the Lord's Prayer, avoiding hypocrisy, and trusting in God’s provision, emphasizing the values of the Kingdom of Heaven. |
| what were The Beatitudes? | The Beatitudes are blessings Jesus pronounced in the Sermon on the Mount. They include blessings for the poor in spirit, those who mourn, the meek, those who hunger and thirst for righteousness, and those who are persecuted for righteousness. |
| name two parables. | The Parable of the Good Samaritan and The Parable of the Prodigal Son. |
| what happened in The Parable of the Good Samaritan? | A man is attacked and left wounded on the road. A priest and Levite pass by, but a Samaritan helps him, showing mercy. Jesus teaches that loving others, regardless of background, is the true way to follow God’s command. |
| what happened in The Parable of the Prodigal Son? | A younger son asks for his inheritance, squanders it, and returns to his father in repentance. The father forgives him and celebrates his return. The parable highlights God's forgiveness and grace for the lost. |
| what is the formal place of worship for christianity? | Church |
| what is the formal place of worship for islam? | Mosque |
| what is the formal place of worship for hinduism? | Temple |
| what is the formal place of worship for buddhism? | Temple/Monastery |
| what is the formal place of worship for judhaism? | Synagogue |
| what are the main features of a church? | Altar, pews, pulpit, crucifix, stained glass windows, religious artwork. |
| what are the main features of a synagogue? | Ark (where Torah scrolls are kept), bimah (platform for reading), menorah, seating for congregation. |
| what are the main features of a Mosque? | Minaret (tower), mihrab (prayer niche), minbar (pulpit), prayer rugs. |
| what are the main features of a temple? (hindu) | Shrines for deities, statues, prayer hall, incense holders, bell. |
| what are the main features of a monastery (buddhist)? | Buddha statues, meditation areas, prayer wheels, incense burners. |
| what might you hear and see in a temple? (hindu) | Chanting, prayers, offerings, light from oil lamps, bell ringing. |
| what might you hear and see in a church? | Hymns, prayers, scripture readings, sermons, people praying. |
| what might you hear and see in a synagogue? | Prayers, Torah readings, songs, and people praying or studying. |
| what might you hear and see in a mosque? | Call to prayer (adhan), Quran recitations, prostrations in prayer. |
| what might you hear and see in a monastery (buddhist)? | Chanting, meditation, silence, teachings, offerings of food. |
| what is history? | the study of the past |
| what is the time before writing? | prehistory |
| what do historians use to find evidence? | historical repositories such as museums, libraries, and archives to find evidence |
| what do sources give us? | evidence about the past |
| categorize sources. | primary or secondary and then further into written, visual, oral, aural and tactile |
| how do historians judge how accurate/reliable a source is? | by being aware of the possibility of bias, exaggeration and propoganda |
| how do historians put things in the correct order? | by putting things into chronological order using hours, days, months and years. 10 years is a decade, 100 is a century and 1000 is a millennium |
| how do historians specify years? | using BC/BCE and CE/AD |
| what happens when new evidence is discovered? | history may have to be reinterpreted |
| what is archaeology? | the study of remains left by past peoples |
| what is an excavation? | when archaeologists dig stuff up to find evidence from people of the past |
| how do archaeologists identify sites for excavation? | research archaeology, rescue archaeology, visible ruins, aerial photography and by accident |
| how long does evidence last? | sometimes very long if stored well |
| what are the steps to carrying out an excavation? | digging test trenches, removing topsoil, using shovel/trowels/brushes, cataloguing finds, taking photos and storing items in labeled bags and boxes |
| how do we know if something dug up by archaeologists is old/er? | if it's further down in the ground |
| what did the iron age bring about? | the celts, who were a more organised society who dominated ireland until the dawn of christianity |
| what is early christian ireland? | the period when christianity first came to ireland (C. AD 400-800) |
| who was sent to ireland to spread christianity in 431 AD? | a bishop called palladius |
| who was the most famous bishop to travel to ireland? | St. paddy in 432 AD |
| when were many irish monasteries built? | from the sixth century onwards. |
| give some examples of famous irish monasteries. | Inis Mór (the first one, founded by St. Enda), the first convent (founded by St. brigid in kildare), clonard, kells, clonmacnoise, glendalough, clonfert and skellig michael |
| name some monastery (christian) buildings. | beehive huts, oratory, refectory, scriptorium, round tower |
| what was a refectory used for? | eating in |
| what was a round tower used for? | defense and as a bell tower |
| what was a scriptorium used for? | writing manuscrpits in |
| what was an oratory used for? | praying in |
| what was a beehive hut? | small house that could stand up without supports |
| what was some art created by the monks? | manuscripts, metal work and stone high crosses |
| why did many irish monks go abroad? | to spread or save christianity |
| when did the vikings come to ireland and what did they do there? | in the 8th century to raid, pillage and plunder |
| what did the early christian ireland period do for ireland? | historically significant and highly impactful to irish culture |
| when did the normans conquer ireland and what did they bring with them? | 1169, and they brought the feudal system |
| what did the feudal system do to people? | many were peasants and it was very tough |
| where did people live in norman times? | towns, villages, castles, manors, monasteries and the countryside |
| was war a problem in the middle ages? | yes, in fact a huge threat to people |
| what happened to young noblemen? | they were brought up to be knights |
| was religion important in the middle ages? | yes, and the pope and his workforce was very wealthy |
| how did the black death spread so well? | very poor living conditions and very poor knowledge of the body |
| how were ties between ireland and england first made? | from the normans invading in 1169 and allowing the british to rule ireland for the next 800 years |
| what was the purpose of art in the renaissance? | to capture life as well as possible |
| did renaissance artists focus on people in their art? | extremely well, yes |
| did women find it hard to become artists in the renaissance? | yes; they found huge barriers in trying to do this |
| what happened to science in the renaissance? | many old beliefs were questioned and new discoveries were made, e.g. the earth being proven as round, though these discoveries were met with a lot of defiance |
| what happened to the medical field during the rensaissance? | if you got a wound, there new better ways to treat it |
| what was the most important invention of the renaissance? | the printing press; more people learned how to read and write and information was spread faster |
| why did the renaissance start in italy? | because of competition between city states to make better/grander works of art etc. |
| what is step 1 of the scientific method? | Observation |
| what is step 2 of the scientific method? | Question |
| what is step 3 of the scientific method? | Hypothesis |
| what is step 4 of the scientific method? | Experiment |
| what is step 5 of the scientific method? | Data Collection |
| what is step 6 of the scientific method? | Analysis |
| what is step 7 of the scientific method? | Conclusion |
| what is step 8 of the scientific method? | Communication |
| how do you do the observation part of the scientific method? | Noticing and identifying a phenomenon or problem in the natural world. |
| how do you do the question part of the scientific method? | Formulating a clear, testable question based on the observation. |
| how do you do the hypothesis part of the scientific method? | Proposing a possible explanation or answer to the question, based on prior knowledge or research. |
| how do you do the experiment part of the scientific method? | Designing and conducting an experiment to test the hypothesis under controlled conditions. |
| how do you do the data collection part of the scientific method? | Gathering and recording the results and observations from the experiment. |
| how do you do the analysis part of the scientific method? | Analyzing the data to determine if they support or refute the hypothesis. |
| how do you do the conclusion part of the scientific method? | Drawing conclusions based on the analysis and determining whether the hypothesis was correct. |
| how do you do the communication part of the scientific method? | Sharing the results with others through publications, presentations, or discussions. |
| what does length measure? | The distance between two points. |
| what does mass measure? | The amount of matter in an object. |
| what does volume measure? | The amount of space an object occupies. |
| what does time measure? | The duration of an event or interval. |
| what does temperature measure? | A measure of heat or cold. |
| what does speed measure? | The rate at which an object moves. |
| what does force measure? | A push or pull on an object. |
| what does density measure? | The mass per unit volume of an object. |
| what unit/s is length measured in and with what tool/s? | Ruler, tape measure, caliper (in meters, centimeters, inches) |
| what unit/s is mass measured in and with what tool/s? | Scale or balance (in kilograms, grams, pounds) |
| what unit/s is volume measured in and with what tool/s? | Measuring cup, graduated cylinder (in liters, milliliters, cubic meters) |
| what unit/s is time measured in and with what tool/s? | Stopwatch, clock (in seconds, minutes, hours) |
| what unit/s is temperature measured in and with what tool/s? | Thermometer (in degrees Celsius or Fahrenheit) |
| what unit/s is speed measured in and with what tool/s? | Speedometer, radar gun, GPS (in meters per second, kilometers per hour, miles per hour) |
| what unit/s is force measured in and with what tool/s? | Spring scale (in newtons) |
| what unit/s is density measured in and with what tool/s? | Balance and graduated cylinder for displacement (in grams per cubic centimeter, kg/m³) |
| what affect do grains have on the body? | Provides energy through carbohydrates and fiber for digestion. Helps maintain healthy body weight and supports brain function. |
| what affect do veggies/fruits have on the body? | Rich in vitamins, minerals, fiber, and antioxidants. Supports immune health, digestion, helps reduce the risk of chronic diseases, and promotes overall well-being. |
| what affect does dairy have on the body? | Provides calcium, protein, and vitamin D. Essential for bone health, muscle function, and overall growth. |
| what affect do proteins have on the body? | Provides protein for muscle growth, tissue repair, and energy. Also essential for immune function. |
| what effect do Fats, Oils, and Sweets have on the body? | Essential for hormone production and energy, but too much can lead to weight gain and increased risk of heart disease. Focus on healthy fats like olive oil or avocados. |
| what can I find on a sedar plate? | shankbone roasted hard-boiled egg horseradish onion parsley charoset salt water |
| what is somebody who preaches christianity? | priest |
| what is somebody who preaches judaism? | rabbi |
| what is somebody who preaches islam? | imam |
| what is somebody who preaches hinduism? | pandit or pujari |
| what is somebody who preaches buddhism? | monk or bhikkhu (male), bhikkhuni (female) |
| what was sarah's old name? | sarai |
| what was abraham's old name? | abram |
| what does the name abraham mean? | father of a multitude |
| what does the name sarah mean? | princess |
| to hear | clois |
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