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Q1 - Biochem/Cells
Quarter 1 Topics - Biomolecules & Cells
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Amino Acid | Building blocks of proteins that help form muscles, tissues, and enzymes. |
| ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) | The main energy carrier in cells, used for powering many cell processes. |
| Bond | A connection between atoms in a molecule, holding them together. |
| Carbohydrate | Sugars and starches that provide energy for cells. |
| Carbon (C) | A key element found in all living things, making up many molecules in our bodies. |
| Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) | A gas produced by animals and used by plants for photosynthesis. |
| Cellular Respiration | The process cells use to break down food to release energy. |
| Cellulose | A carbohydrate that makes up the cell walls of plants, giving them structure. |
| Chemical Reaction | A process where substances change into new substances by rearranging atoms. |
| Energy | The ability to do work, like moving, growing, or staying warm. |
| Enzyme | A protein that speeds up chemical reactions in cells. |
| Fatty Acid | Building blocks of fats, important for storing energy. |
| Glucose | A simple sugar that cells use as a main source of energy. |
| Hydrocarbon | Molecules made of hydrogen and carbon, often found in fats. |
| Hydrogen (H) | An essential element in water and organic molecules in our bodies. |
| Lipid | Fats and oils that store energy and form cell membranes. |
| Macromolecule | Very large molecules, like proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. |
| Matter | Anything that takes up space and has mass, like air, water, and cells. |
| Molecule | Two or more atoms bonded together, making up everything from water to DNA. |
| Nitrogen (N) | An important element in proteins and DNA. |
| Nucleic Acid | Large molecules like DNA and RNA that store genetic information. |
| Nucleotide | The building blocks of DNA and RNA. |
| Organic | Compounds containing carbon, found in living things. |
| Organic Molecules | Molecules containing carbon, found in all living things. |
| Oxygen (O₂) | A gas needed by animals to breathe and by cells for energy production. |
| Phosphorus (P) | An element in DNA, ATP, and cell membranes. |
| Photosynthesis | The process plants use to turn sunlight into food (sugar). |
| Product | The new substance(s) formed in a chemical reaction. |
| Protein | Large molecules made of amino acids, doing most of the work in cells. |
| Reactant | The starting substances in a chemical reaction. |
| Rearrangement | When atoms change places to form new molecules. |
| Starch | A carbohydrate stored in plants as energy. |
| Sugar | Simple carbohydrates that provide energy for cells. |
| Sulfur (S) | An element found in some amino acids and proteins. |
| Cell Membrane | A thin, flexible layer around a cell that controls what goes in and out. |
| Cytoplasm | The jelly-like fluid inside a cell where organelles float and chemical reactions happen. |
| Double Helix | The twisted ladder shape of DNA. |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth & Rough) | A cell structure that makes and moves materials; rough ER has ribosomes (makes proteins), and smooth ER does not (makes fats and breaks down toxins). |
| Golgi Apparatus | The packaging center of the cell that sorts and ships proteins and other materials. |
| Mitochondria | The powerhouse of the cell that makes energy. |
| Nuclear Membrane | A protective layer around the nucleus that controls what enters and exits. |
| Nucleus | The control center of the cell that holds DNA. |
| Ribosome | Tiny structures that make proteins. |
| Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum | A type of ER with ribosomes on its surface, making it look bumpy, where proteins are made. |
| Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum | A type of ER without ribosomes that makes fats and helps detoxify the cell. |
| Vesicle | Small bubbles in the cell that transport materials like proteins and waste. |
Created by:
brookebiery
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