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LS3-2 - Meiosis
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Allele | alternate forms of a gene, like blue or black eye colors. |
| Cellular Division | When a cell splits to form new cells. |
| Centromere | The part of a chromosome that holds two chromatids together. |
| Chromatid | One half of a duplicated chromosome. |
| Chromosome | A structure made of DNA that contains genes. |
| Codon | A group of three RNA bases that codes for one amino acid (found on a chart for decoding). |
| Crossing Over | When chromosomes exchange pieces during meiosis to create genetic diversity. |
| Daughter Cell | A new cell made from cell division. |
| Deletion | A mutation where part of the DNA is missing. |
| Diploid | A cell with two sets of chromosomes (one from each parent). |
| DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) | The molecule that stores genetic instructions. |
| Egg Cell | A female reproductive cell. |
| Epigenetic | Changes in the genes that are expressed in a cell which alters the functionality of a cell. |
| Fertilization | When a sperm cell joins with an egg cell to form a zygote. |
| Frameshift | A mutation that shifts the way DNA is read by adding or deleting bases. |
| Gamete | A reproductive cell (sperm or egg). |
| Gene | A section of DNA that contains instructions to make a protein. |
| Gene Expression | The process of using a gene to make a protein. |
| Gene Mutation | A change in the DNA sequence of a gene. |
| Genetic Code | The set of rules used to translate DNA or RNA into proteins. |
| Genetic Variation | |
| Genome | The complete set of DNA in an organism. |
| Haploid | A cell with one set of chromosomes, like gametes. |
| Homologous Chromosome | A pair of chromosomes, one from each parent , that have the same genes. |
| Independent Assortment | The random way chromosomes are distributed during meiosis, creating genetic diversity. |
| Inherited | Traits or genes passed down from parents to offspring. |
| Insertion | A mutation where extra DNA is added. |
| Meiosis | A special kind of cell division that makes gametes with half the usual number of chromosomes. |
| Meiosis I | The first stage of meiosis where homologous chromosomes separate. |
| Meiosis II | The second stage of meiosis where sister chromatids separate. |
| Monosomy | When a cell has only one chromosome instead of a pair. |
| Multicellular | An organism made of many cells. |
| Mutagen | Something that causes mutations, like radiation or chemicals. |
| Mutation | A change in the DNA sequence. |
| Nondisjunction | A mistake in meiosis where chromosomes don’t separate properly causing missing or extra chromosomes in the egg or sperm. |
| Offspring | The "children" of a parent organism. |
| Parent | An organism that produces offspring. |
| Parent Cell | The original cell before it divides. |
| Point Mutation | A mutation where one DNA base is changed. |
| Replication | The process of copying DNA. |
| Sexual Reproduction | The process of combining sperm and egg cells to create offspring. |
| Somatic Cell | Any body cell that is not a sperm or egg cell. |
| Sperm Cell | A male reproductive cell. |
| Substitution | A mutation where one DNA base is replaced with another. |
| Trait | A characteristic, like eye color, determined by genes. |
| Trisomy | When a cell has three copies of a chromosome instead of two. |
Created by:
brookebiery
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