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LS1-1 - DNA & PS
LS1-1 - DNA & Protein Synthesis
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Adenine | A base in DNA and RNA that pairs with thymine in DNA and uracil in RNA. |
| Amino Acid | The building blocks of proteins, like the pieces of a puzzle. |
| Anticodon | A set of three bases on tRNA that matches with a codon on mRNA during protein synthesis. |
| Base | The parts of DNA and RNA that hold the genetic code (adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil). |
| Cell | The smallest unit of life that makes up all living things. |
| Chromosome | A structure made of DNA that contains genes, found in the nucleus of cells. |
| Codon | A group of three bases on mRNA that codes for one amino acid. |
| Cytoplasm | The jelly-like fluid inside a cell where cell processes happen. |
| Cytosine | A base in DNA and RNA that pairs with guanine. |
| Deoxyribose | The sugar found in DNA molecules. |
| DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) | The molecule that carries genetic instructions for life. |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth & Rough) | Cell structures where materials are made; rough ER has ribosomes, and smooth ER does not. |
| Gene | A section of DNA that contains instructions to make a protein. |
| Golgi Apparatus | A cell structure that packages and ships proteins and other materials. |
| Guanine | A base in DNA and RNA that pairs with cytosine. |
| Hydrogen Bond | A weak bond between bases in DNA that holds the strands together. |
| mRNA (Messenger RNA) | A molecule that carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes for protein making. |
| Mutation | A change in the DNA sequence that can alter how a gene works. |
| Nuclear Membrane | A barrier around the nucleus that protects the DNA inside. |
| Nucleic Acid | Molecules like DNA and RNA that store and transfer genetic information. |
| Nucleotide | The building blocks of DNA and RNA, made of a sugar, a phosphate, and a base. |
| Nucleus | The part of a cell where DNA is stored and protected. |
| Peptide Bond | The link between amino acids in a protein. |
| Phosphate | A part of DNA and RNA that helps form their structure. |
| Polypeptide | A chain of amino acids that becomes a protein. |
| Protein Synthesis | The process of making proteins in cells using DNA instructions. |
| Ribose | The sugar found in RNA molecules. |
| Ribosome | The part of a cell where proteins are made. |
| RNA | A molecule that helps make proteins using the instructions in DNA. |
| rRNA (Ribosomal RNA) | A type of RNA that makes up ribosomes. |
| Start Codon | The codon (AUG) that signals where protein synthesis begins. |
| Stop Codon | A codon that signals the end of protein synthesis. |
| Thymine | A base in DNA that pairs with adenine (replaced by uracil in RNA). |
| Transcription | The process of copying DNA into mRNA. |
| Translation | The process of making proteins from mRNA at a ribosome. |
| tRNA (Transfer RNA) | A molecule that brings amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis. |
| Uracil | A base in RNA that pairs with adenine (replaces thymine from DNA). |
| Vesicle | A small bubble in cells that transports materials. |
Created by:
brookebiery
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