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Work and Study
EP1 M2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| cram | study in a very concentrated way for a short time |
| genius | an exceptionally clever person |
| do some revision | look back at previously studied material |
| past papers | exam papers from previous years |
| memorised | know of the top of your head |
| learnt by heart | know of the top of your head |
| rote-learning | learning purely by repetition |
| mnemonics | tricks that help you remember something |
| bury yourself in books | spend the maximum time studying |
| intensively | in a very focused way |
| know the subject inside out | know it completely |
| composition | short text |
| essay | longer text, often serious |
| assignment | longest text |
| project | assignment, with emphasis on student's own material and topic |
| portfolio | a collection of individual pieces of work |
| dissertation | long, research-based work for a degree or diploma |
| thesis | very long, original, research-based work for a higher degree |
| mind map | diagram that lays out ideas for a topic and how they are connected to one another |
| first draft | first, rough version |
| plagiarism | using other people's work as if it was yours |
| acknowledge | give details of |
| deadline | date by which you must hand in the work |
| submitted | formal word for handed in |
| assessed | evaluated and given a grade |
| feedback | comments from the teacher/tutor |
| carry out research | formal word for doing research |
| academic journals | magazines with academic articles |
| acces it online | get hold of it on the internet |
| inter-library loan | system where libraries exchange books with one another |
| open educational resources | online material that can be freely used by teachers and students anywhere |
| drop out | leave the course before the end |
| finals | last exams before the end of a college or university course |
| well-qualified | with the right formal qualifications |
| equality of oppertunity | when everyone has the same chances |
| selective | pupils are chosen for entry |
| comprehensive schooling | everyone enters without exams and education is free |
| schooling | education received at school |
| elitism | favouring a small, privileged group |
| inherent in | existing as a basic part of something |
| league tables | list of schools and colleges, from best to worst, based on exam results |
| perpetuate | make something continue |
| two-tier system | a system with two separate levels, one of which is better than the other |
| perceives | sees, considers |
| better-off | richer |
| well-endowed | receiving a lot of money in grants, gifts from rich people etc. |
| depressing | reducing |
| less well-off | poorer |
| excel | achieve an excellent standard |
| scholarships | money given to pay for studies, for academic merit |
| bursaries | money given to pay for studies, for students in need |
| tertiary | education at university or college level |
| student loans | money that students can borrow from a bank while studying and then pay back once they are in work |
| undergraduates | students doing a first degree |
| tuition fees | money paid to receive teaching |
| the three R's | reading, writing, arithmetic |
| literacy | the ability to read |
| numeracy | the ability to count or do basic maths |
| curriculum reform | changes to what is covered in the national syllabus |
| syllabus | plan of what is to be studied |
| lifelong education | education for all ages |
| mature students | adult students older than the average student |
| special needs education | education for children who cannot learn in the normal way, because they have a disability |
| one-to-one | one teacher and one pupil, not a group |
| bullying | threatening behaviour |
| guidelines | advice on how something should be done |
| distraction | takes attention away |
| communication skills | the ability to say what needs to be said |
| passion for | liking something very much |
| challenging | a positive word for something both exciting and difficult |
| fast-paced | things happen quickly |
| openings | available jobs |
| reporting to | to have a boss |
| previous experience | experience of this type of job from before |
| full training | all the training you need |
| post | job |
| career prospects | opportunities for promotion and career development |
| leadership qualities | the ability to lead a group |
| competitive salary | as good as, or better than, other salaries for similar jobs |
| benefits package | all the extra benefits that a company offers |
| salary expectation | what you think your salary will be |
| stand out | be better than others |
| cover letter | a letter sent with a job application |
| sir or madam | formal start to a letter when op is unkown |
| in support of | in addition to |
| position | job |
| hands-on | practical, direct |
| field | area of business or activity |
| customer-facing | dealing directly with customers |
| team player | a person who is good at working with others |
| managerial experience | experience of managing other people |
| yours faithfully | formal ending to a letter when op is unknown |
| relevant to | connected to |
| previous role as | last job |
| led a team of | managed em |
| suitability for | ability to do well in the job |
| carried out | done |
| recruiting | hiring |
| criteria | requirements you use to make a decision |
| shortlisted | selected from a larger group |
| do your homework | do the work school assigned you to do |
| trial run | a practice of something new |
| boost your confidence | increase or improve your confidence |
| panel | a group of people |
| line manager | the person who is directly responsible for your work |
| make eye contact | lock eyes |
| body language | physical movements which show how you are feeling |
| speak up | speak loudly and clearly |
| first impression | the image people have of you after seeing you for the first time |
| talk us through | tell us about in more detail |
| trainee | a person who is learning a new job |
| professional development | training given to employees to increase their knowledge or skills |
| in-house | within the company |
| new recruits | people who have just joined the company |
| under pressure | when time is ticking |
| supervisor | the person who checks your work |
| take on | start to have |
| fill the post | find someone to do the job |
| notice period | time you need to work in your job after you have officially told the company you are leaving |
| offer you the position | give you the job |
| an ideal fit for | very suitable for |
| outlining | giving an overview of |
| paid leave | time off you are paid for, such as holiday or parental leave |
| reporting structure | company structure and who you report to |
| start date | the day you start working |
| opposite number | has the same position |
| working relationship | way of communicating and working together |
| collaboration | working together to achieve shared goals |
| counterpart | more formal equivalent of opposite number |
| rapport | communication |
| take the initiative | make decisions without being told what to do |
| hierarchical | has a structure with important and less important people |
| pecking order | a system where some people have the right to get benefits or promotions before others |
| job-share | an agreement where two people each share the same job |
| hot-desking | a policy of sharing desks in an office, so people sit at whichever desk is free on a particular day |
| workmates | colleagues you are friendly with (informal) |
| talk shop | talk about work (informal) |
| mundane | ordinary |
| meet a deadline | have something finished by a fixed day or time |
| volunteer | offer to do something without being asked to do it |
| rewarding | making you feel satisfied that you have done something important or useful, or done something well |
| stimulating | encouraging new ideas or new thinking |
| workload | amount of work I have to do |
| day shift | working during the day |
| mechanical | you don't have to think about what you're doing |
| repetitive | the same thing is repeated every day |
| knocking off | finishing work (informal) |
| night shift | working during the evening or night |
| monotonous | boring because it never changes |
| satisfying | make me feel pleased |
| challenging | testing my ability or determination |
| glamorous | very exciting |
| irregular | never the same |
| anti-social | do not enable one to have a normal social life |
| stuck behind a desk | sitting at a desk all day (informal) |
| mind-numbing | extremely boring |
| tight schedules | very strict or severely limited timetables |
| stuck in a rut | trapped in a job they can't escape from |
| dead-end | with no prospects of promotion |
| technician | person whose job involves practical work with scientific or electrical equipment |
| went in with | formed a business partnership with |
| start-up | a small business that has just started |
| self-employed | being your own boss |
| freelance | being your own company |
| programmer | someone who writes computer programs |
| job satisfaction | a feeling that your job is worth doing and fulfills you |
| workplace | the place where you work |
| run-of-the-mill | ordinary |
| short-term | immediate |
| financial reward | money gained |
| morale | amount of confidence felt by a person or group |
| teamwork | working together for common purposes |
| job stability | not likely to change |
| fast-moving | developing and changing quickly |
| work-life balance | the amount of time spent working compared to the amount of time spent doing things you enjoy |
| dynamic | continuously developing |
| demotivated | feeling less enthusiastic about work |
| maternity leave | time away from work to prepare for and look after a new baby |
| paternity leave | time away from work to prepare for and look after a new baby |
| adoption leave | time away from work to prepare for and look after a new baby |
| perks | extra things apart from salary (informal) |
| benefits | extra things apart from salary |
| holiday entitlement | number of days you have the right to take as holiday |
| increments | increases |
| performance-related | depending on how well you do your job |
| annual bonus | extra money paid once a year, usually based on good performance |
| overworked and underpaid | INFORMAL |
| voluntary/compulsory redundancies | people losing their jobs, by offering to do so/having no choice |
| skeleton staff | the minimum number of workers needed to keep operating |
| interview panel | the group of people interviewing someone for a job |
| telesales/telemarketing | selling or marketing goods and services by phone |
| cold calling | phoning people who have not requested a call in order to try to sell them something |
| hard sell | attempt to sell something by being very forceful or persuasive |
| part with their money | spend money |
| TV shopping channel | a TV channel devoted to selling products |
| merchandise | products that are bought and sold |
| hasn't looked back | has moved forward successfully |
| purchasing power | the ability someone has to buy goods |
| shop around | trying different companies or shops to see where they have the best value |
| trade something up | buying something of higher value than you had before |
| brand loyalty | confidence in a particular make and a tendency to always choose it |
| loss leader | an item which makes the store lose money, but gain customers |
| price | give them a price |
| niche market | a specialised group of customers with particular interests that a company can meet |
| come under the hammer | sold at an auction |
| auction | sale of goods or property with a bidding-based system |
| lucrative | producing a lot of money |
| red tape | bureaucracy |
| administration | organisation and arrangement of operations |
| proposition | formal offer |
| takeover | agreement in which one company takes control of another one |
| reach a compromise | come to an agreement in which both sides reduce their demands a little |
| hammer out a deal | talk in detail until a business agreement is made |
| swallowed up | taken over by a larger company |
| capital assets | buildings and machines owned by a company |
| invest in | put money into |
| start-up | new company |
| holiday property letting agency | a business organising the rental of holiday houses and flats |
| to acquire | the learning or developing of a skill, habit or quality |
| to purport | to claim something that may not be true |
| to ossify | to become rigid or fixed, to cease developing |
| hereditary | can be passed from parent to offspring |
| entrench | firmly establish |
| conduit | channel through which something is conveyed |
| affluenced | rich |
| branches out | expand in a new direction |
| concensus | general agreement |
| nurturing | help someone to develop, grow |
| social stratification | a system in which people are ranked based on socioeconomic factors such as wealth, income and education |
| tendency | likelihood to behave or act in a certain way |
| taking to the streets | to protest openly |
| left to its own devices | to allow someone to do what he or she wants |
| lo and behold | indicates a surprising turn of events that could have been predicted |
| who have made good | to reach a desired level of accomplishedness |
| on their own merit | according to ones skills and ones good or bad qualities |
| to hit the books | to commit to studying hard |
| pass with flying colours | to pass with a high score |
| learn the ropes | to learn how to do something properly |
| you can't teach an old dog new tricks | it is difficult to make someone change the way they do something when they have been doing it the same way for a very long time |
| learn by heart | to memorise something so that it can be written or recited without thinking |
| draw a blank | to fail to think of a response |
| to burn the candle at both ends | to go to bed and wake up early |
| pass the buck | refuse to make a decision yourself |
| follow suit | do the same as somebody else |
| the luck of the draw | depending purely on chance |
| across the board | applying to all |
| when the chips are down | at a crucial, decisive time |
| the dice are loaded against me | the conditions make it hard for me to succeed |
| dig in your heels | refuse to give in |
| par for the course | what is to be expected in a given situation |
| toe the line | comply with the rules |
| have the inside track | have an advantage |
| start from scratch | start a task from the beginning |
| a level playing field | a fair situation |
| below par | disappointing |
| give it your best shot | try as hard as you can |
| it's in the bag | you've got it |
| wide off the mark | wrong |
| at the drop of a hat | without hesitation |
| not come up to scratch | not good enough |
| throw in the towel | give up |
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