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Exam 3 - Social Psyc
Intro to Psychology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is cognitive dissonance? | a reduced reeling of discomfort if change is made to make a beliefs consistent |
| what are a couple of consequences/effects of cognitive dissonance? | - a change in belief or attitude - that change can motivate a change in behavior - if we cannot change one of our cognitions, feeling of discomfort remains |
| in the Festinger and Carlsmith experiment which condition has the greatest cognitive dissonance? | high cognitive dissonance condition: paid $1 |
| in the Festinger and Carlsmith experiment how did they change their dissonance? | they changed their attitude to be consistent with behavior to decrease uncomfortable feeling |
| what is the Festinger and Carlsmith experiment? | Participants were asked to perform several extremely boring tasks. when they were finished, the participants were encouraged to tell the next participants that the tasks were very interesting. |
| what is the Aronson and Carlsmith experiment? | participants were kids between 3-6 who were placed in a room with toys. each child ranked the toys in the room and said which was her fav. the experimenter left the room and told them to play with all the toys except their fav. |
| in the Aronson and Carlsmith experiment which condition has the greatest cognitive dissonance? | high cognitive dissonance condition : mild warning group |
| in the Aronson and Carlsmith experiment how did they change their dissonance? | they changed their attitude to be consistent with their behavior to decrease uncomfortable feeling |
| what are attribution theories? | they describe how we explain the causes of other's behaviors |
| what are attributions? | they are interferences or thoughts we have about our own and other's behaviors. some attributions are based on careful, reasoned and effortful thinking while others are made quickly and automatically. |
| what is external information in attributions? | what happened to a person before we encounter them that day (broke up with boyfriend) or in their life (gets bullied) |
| what is internal information in attributions? | what they value, their personality |
| what are dispositional attributions? | internal to the person, personality |
| what are situational attributions? | external or outside the person, circumstances |
| according to Kelley's covariation theory what is consensus? | how do others react to the same stimulus? High: other peers also praise this band Low: no one else seems to like it |
| according to Kelley's covariation theory what is generalizable? | does the person react the same/ differ to their stimuli? High: your friend really praises many bands Low: your friend doesn't really praise other bands |
| according to Kelley's covariation theory what is consistency? | is the person's behavior consistent over time? High: your friend is persistent and always raves about this band Low: your friend said good things about this band once |
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