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Rad Pro Ch.7
Femur & Pelvic Girdle
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Femur | Is the longest and strongest bone in the body |
| The femur consists of: | Head, neck, greater trochanter, lesser trochanter |
| The _______ of the femur is rounded and smooth for articulation with the hip bones. | Head |
| Foeva capitis | A depression or pit near its center |
| Ligament capitis femoris | Is attached to the head of the femur |
| Neck | Of the femur is a strong pyramidal process of bone that connects the head with the body or shaft in the region of the trochanter |
| Greater trochanter | Is a large prominence that is located superiorly and latterly to the femoral shaft and is palpable as a bony landmark |
| Lesser trochanter | Is a smaller, blunt, conical eminence that projects medially and posteriorly from the junction of the neck and shaft of the femur |
| Intertrochanteric crest | Trochanters are joined posteriorly by a thick ridge |
| Body or shaft | Of the femur is long and almost cylindrical |
| 125° | The angle of the neck to the shaft on an average adult w/ a variance of + or - 15° |
| 10° from vertical | On an average adult in the anatomic position the longitudinal plane of the femur is ________ |
| 15°-20° anterior angle | Of the head and neck in relation to the body of the femur |
| 15°-20° internally | To place the femoral neck parallel to the image receptor for a true anteroposterior projection of the proximal femur |
| Pelvis | Serves as the base of the trunk and forms of the connection between the vertebral column and lower limbs |
| The complete pelvis | "Meaning basin" |
| Hip bones | 2- called innominate bones |
| Sacrum | Articulates superiorly with the 5th lumbar vertebra to form the lumbosacral joint (L5-S1 Joint) |
| Right & left hip (iliac) bones | Articulate posteriorly with he sacrum to form the "sacroiliac joints |
| Hip bone consists of: | ilium, ischium and pubis |
| Acetabulum | Is a deep, cup-shaped cavity that accepts the head of the femur to form the hip joint |
| Ilium | Largest of 3 divisions & is superior to acetabulum; is composed of a body and an ala, or wing |
| Ala | Thin and flared superior part of ilium (wing portion) |
| Body of the ilium | Is the more inferior portion near the acetabulum and includes the superior two-fifths of the acetabulum |
| Crest of the ilium | Is the superior margin of the ala and extends from the anterior iliac spine (ASIS) to the posterior iliac spine (PSIS) |
| Iliac crest | Upper most peak of the crest, but it actually extends b/w the ASIS & PSIS |
| Anterior inferior iliac spine | Below the ASIS is a less prominent projection |
| Posterior inferior iliac spine | Inferior to the PSIS |
| Two most important positioning landmark | Iliac crest and the ASIS |
| Ischium | Is that part of the hip bone that lies inferior and posterior to the acetabulum |
| Each ischium is divided into a? | Body and ramus |
| Ramus | Projects anteriorly from ischial tuberosity |
| Sperior ramus | Lower portion of the body of the ischium; projects caudally and medially from the acetabulum ending at the ischial tuberosity |
| Ischial tuberosity | The rounded or roughened area near the junction of the lower body and the inferior rami |
| Ischial spine | Posterior to the acetabulum; is a bony projection also visible on a frontal view of the pelvis |
| Greater sciatic notch | Directly superior to the ischial spine is a deep notch |
| Lesser sciatic notch | Inferior to the ischial spine is a smaller notch |
| Ischial tuberosities | Bear most of the weight of the body when an individual sits; can be palpated through the soft tissue of each buttock in a proc position |
| Body of the pubis | Is anterior and inferior to the acetabulum and includes the anteroinferior one-fifth of the acetabulum |
| Superior ramus | Extending anteriorly and medially from the body of each pubis |
| Symphysis pubis | The 2 superior rami meet in the midline to form an amphiarthrodial joint |
| Inferior ramus | Each one passes down and posterior from the symphysis pubis to join the ramus of the respective ischium |
| Obturator foramen | Is a large opening formed by the ramus and body of each ischium and by the pubis |
| Is the largest foramen in the human skeleton system | Obturator foramen |
| The most superior aspects of the _________ & __________ are easily palpated | ASIS & Iliac Crest |
| A plane through the ______ of the pelvis divides the pelvic area into two cavities | Brim |
| Greater or false pelvis | General area above or superior to the oblique plane through the pelvic brim |
| Lesser or true pelvis | Is a cavity that is completely surrounded by bony structures; inferior to a plane through the pelvic brim |
| Inlet or superior aperture | The oblique plane defined by the brim of the pelvis |
| Outlet or inferior aperture | Of the true pelvis is defined by the 2 ischial tuberosities and the tip of the coccyx |
| Cavity of True Pelvis | The area b/w the inlet and outlet; 3 sides of the triangularly shaped outlet are formed by a line b/w the ischial tuberosity and the coccyx |
| Birth canal | The baby's head first travels through the pelvic inlet, then to the mid cavity, and finally through the outlet before it exits in a forward direction |
| Pelvic inlet -> mid cavity -> outlet -> baby exists head 1st | Birth Canal |
| Female pelvis | Is wider, with the ilia more flared and more shallow form the front to back |
| Male pelvis | Is narrower, deeper, and less flared with a heart-shapped pelvic inlet |
| Overall general shape | Is the main difference b/w male and female pelvis |
| Angle of the pubic arch | Is the second major difference b/w male and female pelvis |
| Ischial spines | Male: more protruding into pelvis inlet Female: less protruding into pelvis inlet |
| Sacroiliac joints | -joints b/w the sacrum and each ilium -very irregular shaped & the interconnecting bones are snugly fitted b/c they see a weight0bearing function |
| Symphysis pubis | -structure b/w the right and left pubic bones -located in the midline of the anterior pelvis |
| Union of acetabulum | Temporary growth joint of each acetabulum that solidifies in the mitten years |
| Hip joints | Joints between the head of the femur and the acetabulum of the pelvis |
| Sacroiliac joints | Are wide flat joints located on each side obliquely between the sacrum and each ilium |
| The sacroiliac joint is classified as a _____________________. | Synovial joint |
| Amphiarthrodial | Limited movement |
| The symphysis pubis is classified as a ____________________ of the symphysis subtype in that only limited movement is possible. | Cartilaginous |
| Hip bone is classified as a ____________ which is characterized by a large fibrous capsule that contains synovial fluid. | Synovial joint (diarthrodial) |
| Cartilaginous-type joint of the synchindrosis subtype in an adult | Synarthrodial (immovable) |
| 1 to 2 inches medial and 3 to 4 inches distal to the ASIS | The femoral neck can be readily located as being? |
| _ is visible when the leg and ankle are truly AP, as in true anatomic position | Lesser trochanter |
| By ____________________, the proximal femur and hip joint are positioned in a true AP projection | Internally rotating the entire lower limb |
| Internal Rotation of the entire Lower Limb | Femur is parallel to the IR and will not appear foreshortened |
| Lesser trochanter | Is key in determining the correct leg and foot position |
| 15° to 20° internal rotation | The lesser trochanter are usually not visible at all or only slightly visible on some patients |
| Straight (AP) or external rotation | The lesser trochanter is visible |
| Femoral neck | Is a common fracture site for an older patient who has fallen; typical sign is external rotation of involved foot, where lesser trochanter is clearly visualized in profile |
| Anatomic Position | -long axes of feet vertical -femoral necks partially foreshortened -lesser trochanters partially visible |
| AP Mid & Distal Femur | -mid & distal femur + knee joint -rotate leg internally 5° for "true AP" -CR perpendicular to femur |
| Lateral Mid to Distal Femur | -mid & distal femur + knee joint - non-trauma: lateral recumbent; trauma: supine |
| Lateral Mid and Proximal Femur | mid & proximal femur + lateral, lateral recumbent, affected knee flexed 45; have patient roll back (posteriorly) 15° to prevent superimposition, & CR perpendicular to femur, upper IR margin @ level of ASIS |
| AP Bilateral Pelvis | -separate legs & feet; internally rotate long axes of feet and entire lower limb 15°-20° -CR midway b/w level of ASIS & symphysis pubis 2" inferior to level of ASIS |
| AP Bilateral Frog-Leg (Mod. Cleaves Method) | -non-trauma hip -knees flexed 90°; plantar surfaces of feet together and abduct both femora 40°-45° from vertical -CR level of femoral heads w/ top of IR at level of iliac crest |
| AP Hip | -acetabulum, femoral head, neck & greater trochanter -rotate affected leg internally 15°-20° -CR perpendicular to femoral neck (1-2" medial & 3-4" distal to ASIS) -Respiration Suspended |
| Unilateral Frog-Leg- Mediolateral (Modified Cleaves) | -lateral view for non-traumatic hip -CR perpendicular to mid-femoral neck -Respiration Suspended -Modification: Lauenstein-Hickey |
Created by:
sassyrad
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