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Ch 17 First Aid
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| open wound | has a break in the skin or mucous membrane |
| closed wound | has no break in the skin (occurs to the underlying tissues) |
| bleeding; infections | first aid care for wounds must be directed at controlling _________ and preventing _________. |
| abrasion | scrape on the skin |
| incision | cut or injury by sharp object |
| laceration | jagged irregular injury with tearing |
| puncture | wound caused by sharp pointed object |
| avulsion | tissue torn or separated from body |
| amputation | body part cut off |
| arterial blood | usually spurts from a wound, heavy blood loss, bright red in color |
| venous blood | slower, dark red, easier to control |
| capillary blood | oozes from the wound, clots easily |
| direct pressure, elevation, pressure bandage, pressure points | list the four methods for controlling bleeding in the order in which they should be used. |
| a clean cloth or towel (or your bare hand) | name two items that can be used to form a protective barrier while controlling bleeding |
| brachial artery (inside of upper arm) | the main pressure point for the arm is the _________ |
| femoral artery (groin) | the main pressure point in the leg is the ___________ |
| wash hands before treating, put gloves on if available, wash wound with soap and water, rinse with cool water | list four ways to prevent infection while caring for minor wounds without severe bleeding. |
| swelling, heat, pain, fever, pus | list five signs of infection. |
| tetanus shot | if a tetanus infection is a possibility, what first aid is necessary? |
| if on the surface, remove it with sterile tweezers, if objects are deep, leave it and see a physician | how should objects embedded deep in the tissues be removed? |
| clammy skin, rapid pulse, low blood pressure | list six signs and symptoms of a closed wound. |
| get medical help ASAP, check breathing, avoid unnecessary movement of the victim, DO NOT give the victim fluids or foods | list four first aid treatments for a victim of a closed wound. |
| shock | What other condition must you be prepared to treat while caring for wounds? |
| calm | At all times, remain _____ while providing first aid. |
| medical | Obtain ________ care as soon as possible. |
| fracture: | Break in a bone. |
| dislocation: | Displaced bone. |
| sprain: | Injury to the tissues surrounding joint. |
| strain: | Overstretched muscle. |
| What is the difference between a closed or simple fracture and an open or compound fracture? | Compound fracture is an open wound caused by a break in the skin and simple fracture is not accompanied by an open wound. |
| List six(6) signs and symptoms of a fracture. | deformity, loss of motion, swelling, pain, tenderness, victim heard break |
| Treatment for fractures is directed at maintaining ____ , treating ____ , keeping the broken bone from ___ , and preventing further ___ . | respirations, shock, moving, injury |
| List four (4) signs and symptoms of a dislocation. | abnormal movement, swelling, discoloration, deformity |
| Why is movement of the injured part dangerous when a dislocation has occurred? | Can lead to additional injury to the nerves, blood vessels, and other tissue in the area. |
| List four (4) signs and symptoms of a sprain. | swelling, pain, impaired motion, discoloration |
| List three (3) first aid treatments for a sprain. | apply a cold application to decrease swelling and pain , elevate affected part, encourage victim to rest the affected part |
| Why are cold applications used to treat a sprain or strain? | To reduce swelling. |
| Why are warm applications used to treat a strain? | The warmth helps relax the muscles. |
| List six (6) different types of materials that can be used foe splints. | cardboards, blankets, newspaper, pillows, wood, boards |
| List three (3) basic principles that should be followed when splints are applied. | splints should be padded, must be applied so they don't put pressure directly over site of injury, long enough to immobilize joints |
| How can you test that an air splint is inflated properly? | Use a thumb to apply slight pressure to the sprain; and indention mark should result. |
| Why should the hand be positioned higher than the elbow when a sling is applied? | To promote circulation, prevent edema, and decrease pain. |
| List four (4) points you can check to make sure that circulation is not impaired after a splint or sling has been applied. | -skin temp -skin color -swelling -tingling |
| What should you do if you notice signs of impaired circulation after applying a splint? | Immediately loosen the ties holding the splint in place. |
| Why is it best to avoid moving any victim who has a neck or spinal injury? | Permanent damage result in paralysis can occur. |
| an injury that can be caused by fire, heat, chemical agents, radiation and or electricity | burn |
| involves only the first layer of skin, ex) sunburn, brief contact with hot objects, causes injury to top layers of skin; involves both the dermis and epidermis, swelling occurs | first degree or superficial |
| ex) severe sunburn, contact with boiling liquids, exposure to fire | second degree or partial-thickness |
| flames, electricity, involves injury to all layers of the skin AND underlying tissue, life-threatening, can be painlessss | third degree or full-thickness |
| first aid treatment for burns is directed at removing the ____________, cooling the _______, covering the ____, relieving ______, observing and treating for ______, and preventing ________. | source of heat; skin area; burn; pain; shock; infection |
| identify 4 times when medical care should be obtained for burn victims. | -more than 15% of the ADULT body is burned, more than 10% of a CHILD'S body is burned, burns affect face or respiratory tract, burns result form chemicals, explosions, or electricity |
| what is the main treatment for superficial and mild, partial-thickness burns? | cool the area by flushing it with cool water, use dry, sterile gauze to blot the area dry, elevate the affected part if possible |
| why is a sterile dressing applied to a burn? | to prevent infection |
| if blisters appear on a burn, how should you treat these? | DO NOT break any blisters open! |
| how should third degree burns be treated? | call for medical help immediately, cover with a sterile dressing, elevate the extremity, do not attempt to remove articles of clothing from the burn, watch the victim closely until help arrives |
| if chemicals or irritating gases burn the eyes, how should the eye be treated? | remove contact lenses if applicable, flush eyes with large amounts of water for 15-20 minutes, allow water to run to the outside of the eye |
| why is shock frequently noted in victims with severe burns? | because of loss of body fluids (dehydration) |
Created by:
chsteacher