Ch 17 First Aid
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| open wound | has a break in the skin or mucous membrane
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| closed wound | has no break in the skin (occurs to the underlying tissues)
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| bleeding; infections | first aid care for wounds must be directed at controlling _________ and preventing _________.
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| abrasion | scrape on the skin
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| incision | cut or injury by sharp object
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| laceration | jagged irregular injury with tearing
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| puncture | wound caused by sharp pointed object
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| avulsion | tissue torn or separated from body
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| amputation | body part cut off
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| arterial blood | usually spurts from a wound, heavy blood loss, bright red in color
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| venous blood | slower, dark red, easier to control
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| capillary blood | oozes from the wound, clots easily
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| direct pressure, elevation, pressure bandage, pressure points | list the four methods for controlling bleeding in the order in which they should be used.
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| a clean cloth or towel (or your bare hand) | name two items that can be used to form a protective barrier while controlling bleeding
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| brachial artery (inside of upper arm) | the main pressure point for the arm is the _________
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| femoral artery (groin) | the main pressure point in the leg is the ___________
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| wash hands before treating, put gloves on if available, wash wound with soap and water, rinse with cool water | list four ways to prevent infection while caring for minor wounds without severe bleeding.
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| swelling, heat, pain, fever, pus | list five signs of infection.
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| tetanus shot | if a tetanus infection is a possibility, what first aid is necessary?
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| if on the surface, remove it with sterile tweezers, if objects are deep, leave it and see a physician | how should objects embedded deep in the tissues be removed?
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| clammy skin, rapid pulse, low blood pressure | list six signs and symptoms of a closed wound.
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| get medical help ASAP, check breathing, avoid unnecessary movement of the victim, DO NOT give the victim fluids or foods | list four first aid treatments for a victim of a closed wound.
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| shock | What other condition must you be prepared to treat while caring for wounds?
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| calm | At all times, remain _____ while providing first aid.
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| medical | Obtain ________ care as soon as possible.
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| fracture: | Break in a bone.
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| dislocation: | Displaced bone.
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| sprain: | Injury to the tissues surrounding joint.
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| strain: | Overstretched muscle.
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| What is the difference between a closed or simple fracture and an open or compound fracture? | Compound fracture is an open wound caused by a break in the skin and simple fracture is not accompanied by an open wound.
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| List six(6) signs and symptoms of a fracture. | deformity, loss of motion, swelling, pain, tenderness, victim heard break
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| Treatment for fractures is directed at maintaining ____ , treating ____ , keeping the broken bone from ___ , and preventing further ___ . | respirations, shock, moving, injury
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| List four (4) signs and symptoms of a dislocation. | abnormal movement, swelling, discoloration, deformity
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| Why is movement of the injured part dangerous when a dislocation has occurred? | Can lead to additional injury to the nerves, blood vessels, and other tissue in the area.
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| List four (4) signs and symptoms of a sprain. | swelling, pain, impaired motion, discoloration
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| List three (3) first aid treatments for a sprain. | apply a cold application to decrease swelling and pain , elevate affected part, encourage victim to rest the affected part
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| Why are cold applications used to treat a sprain or strain? | To reduce swelling.
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| Why are warm applications used to treat a strain? | The warmth helps relax the muscles.
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| List six (6) different types of materials that can be used foe splints. | cardboards, blankets, newspaper, pillows, wood, boards
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| List three (3) basic principles that should be followed when splints are applied. | splints should be padded, must be applied so they don't put pressure directly over site of injury, long enough to immobilize joints
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| How can you test that an air splint is inflated properly? | Use a thumb to apply slight pressure to the sprain; and indention mark should result.
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| Why should the hand be positioned higher than the elbow when a sling is applied? | To promote circulation, prevent edema, and decrease pain.
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| List four (4) points you can check to make sure that circulation is not impaired after a splint or sling has been applied. | -skin temp -skin color -swelling -tingling
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| What should you do if you notice signs of impaired circulation after applying a splint? | Immediately loosen the ties holding the splint in place.
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| Why is it best to avoid moving any victim who has a neck or spinal injury? | Permanent damage result in paralysis can occur.
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| an injury that can be caused by fire, heat, chemical agents, radiation and or electricity | burn
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| involves only the first layer of skin, ex) sunburn, brief contact with hot objects, causes injury to top layers of skin; involves both the dermis and epidermis, swelling occurs | first degree or superficial
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| ex) severe sunburn, contact with boiling liquids, exposure to fire | second degree or partial-thickness
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| flames, electricity, involves injury to all layers of the skin AND underlying tissue, life-threatening, can be painlessss | third degree or full-thickness
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| first aid treatment for burns is directed at removing the ____________, cooling the _______, covering the ____, relieving ______, observing and treating for ______, and preventing ________. | source of heat; skin area; burn; pain; shock; infection
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| identify 4 times when medical care should be obtained for burn victims. | -more than 15% of the ADULT body is burned, more than 10% of a CHILD'S body is burned, burns affect face or respiratory tract, burns result form chemicals, explosions, or electricity
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| what is the main treatment for superficial and mild, partial-thickness burns? | cool the area by flushing it with cool water, use dry, sterile gauze to blot the area dry, elevate the affected part if possible
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| why is a sterile dressing applied to a burn? | to prevent infection
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| if blisters appear on a burn, how should you treat these? | DO NOT break any blisters open!
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| how should third degree burns be treated? | call for medical help immediately, cover with a sterile dressing, elevate the extremity, do not attempt to remove articles of clothing from the burn, watch the victim closely until help arrives
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| if chemicals or irritating gases burn the eyes, how should the eye be treated? | remove contact lenses if applicable, flush eyes with large amounts of water for 15-20 minutes, allow water to run to the outside of the eye
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| why is shock frequently noted in victims with severe burns? | because of loss of body fluids (dehydration)
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Created by:
chsteacher