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MR211 Unit 4 Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine) | Allows network communication between a modality and PACS |
| Metadata | Extensive, detailed information stored “behind the image” for every image |
| HL-7 | Software standard for exchanging electronic text information, used for communication between HIS and RIS systems |
| HIS (Hospital Information System) | System that includes direct patient care information, billing systems, and reporting systems (ex. MRN) |
| RIS (Radiology Information System) | System used to order exams and report results (ex. accession number) |
| EMR (Electronic Medical Record) | Contains all medical information from a single provider’s office (part of HIS or runs alongside it) |
| EHR (Electronic Health Record) | Contains information from multiple providers (ex. EPIC) |
| Aperture ratio | Measure of the image luminance of LCD monitors |
| Refresh rate | A measure of how fast the monitor rewrites the screen |
| Photometer | A device used to measure the light intensity from a display monitor |
| Resolution tool | A lead foil “bar” test pattern (right) can be used to obtain spatial resolution in LP/mm |
| Luminance | The rate of light emitted from a CRT, LCD, or LED monitor (measured in lumen) |
| Luminance response | A monitor’s ability to accurately display different shades or levels of brightness from a test pattern (aka contrast test) |
| VAD (Viewing Angle Dependence) | Rapid loss of luminance at increasing viewing angles of LCD monitors |
| SAN (Storage Area Network) | Protects against loss of files from natural disasters, a sub-network connecting several storage devices at remote geographic locations or other clinical sites |
| Lossless compression | Necessary for long-term storage, lossless compression ratios less than 8:1 have been deemed “visually acceptable” by radiologists |
| LAN | Local area network (in-hospital) |
| WAN | Wide area network (includes remote locations) |
| GSDF (Grayscale Standard Display Function) | Helps ensure that all monitors are calibrated to ensure brightness and contrast look the same on all monitors |
| Class 1 monitor | Higher MP (resolution) monitor, used by radiologists to interpret studies |
| Class 2 monitor | Lower MP (resolution) monitor, used for technologist workstations |
| DICOM Header | Key items of interest to caregivers made easily accessible at the touch of a button while the image is displayed (a true header is displayed as a bar along the top of the image) |
| RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks) | Distributes copies of the same data files across several computer hard drives which are independent of each other, to ensure that medical information or images are not lost by electrical failure, file corruption or software failure in a single system |
| MIMPS | Medical image management and processing system (formerly PACS) |
| PACS | Picture Archiving and Communication System |
| Client/server-based system | MIMPS system where the images are sent directly to the archive server after acquisition and are centrally located, the display workstation functions as a “client” of the archive server |
| Distributed system | MIMPS system where the acquisition modalities send the images to a designated reading station and possibly to review stations, depends on where the order originated (ER, ICU, etc.), also known as stand-alone models |
| Web-based system | MIMPS system in which the images and application software are held centrally and load to the client display, only the images are held at the archive |
| Pixels | Basic picture element on a display, an individual controllable set of dot triads |
| Resolution | Number of pixels contained on a display, usually expressed as megapixels (MP) |
| Dot pitch | The measurement of how close the dots are located to one another within a pixel (aka pixel pitch). The smaller the dot pitch, the less granularity (graininess) is present, and the sharper the image resolution |
| Response rate | A measure of the time it takes for the crystal to go from an off state to an on state and vice versa (for LCD monitors) |
| Aspect ratio | The width of the monitor to the height of the monitor |
| Viewable area | Measured from one corner of the display monitor to the opposite corner diagonally |
| AAPM | American Association of Physicists in Medicine |
| SMPTE | Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers |
| ACR | American College of Radiology |
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