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Module 35-36Ap Psych
Module 35-36 Ap Psych Unit 5
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Algorithm | a methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem |
| Heuristic | a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently |
| Insight | a sudden realization of problems solution, contrasts with strategy-based solutions |
| Confirmation bias | a tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence |
| Fixation | in cognition, the inability to see a problem from a new preceptive |
| Mental set | a tendency to approach a problem in one way, often a way that has been successful before |
| Intuition | an effortless, immediate, automatic feeling or though, as contrasted with explicit conscious reasoning |
| Representativeness heuristic | estimation the likelihood of events on terms of how well they seem to represent or match particular prototypes |
| Availability heuristic | estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory |
| Overconfidence | the tendency to be more confident than correct, to overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgments |
| Belief perseverance | clinging to one’s initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited |
| Framing | the way an issue is possed, how an issue is worded can significantly affect decisions and judgments |
| Language | our spoken, written, or signed words and the way we combine them to communicate |
| Phoneme | in a language the smallest distinctive sound unit |
| Morpheme | in a language the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word or part of a word |
| Grammer | in a language, a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others |
| Universal grammar | a built-in predisposition to learn grammar rules |
| Noam Chomsky | Created Universal Grammar |
| Receptive language | their ability to understand what is said to and about them |
| Babbling language | beginning around 4 months, the stage of speech development in which an infant spontaneously utters various sounds at first unrelated to the household image |
| One-word stage | the stage in speech development, from about age 1-2 during which a child speaks mostly in single words |
| Two-word stage | beginning about age 2, the stage in speech development during which a child speaks mostly in two-word statements |
| Telegraphic speech | early speech stage which a child speaks like a telegram (go car) using mostly nouns and verbs |
| Critical period | a period for mastering certain aspects of language before the language-learning window gradually closes |
| Aphasia | impairment of language usually caused by left hemisphere damage either to Broca’s area or to Wernicke's area |
| Broca's area | helps control language expression, an area of the frontal lobe |
| Wernicke's area | a brain area involved in language comprehension and expression |
| Benjamin Whorf | created linguistic determinism |
| linguistic determinism | that language controls the way we think and interpret the world around us |
| Linguistic influence | the language one speaks can shape their thoughts and worldview |
Created by:
avaJwilliams
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