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Unit5 Cognition Test
| definition | answer |
|---|---|
| : It processes space to encode where stuff is located, time the events of things throughout the day, and the frequency of how often things occur. | Automatic processing |
| Encoding information through conscious attention and effort. Material that you study for a test requires effortful processing. | effortful processing |
| A methodical, logical, rule of procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem. It can be time-consuming, and frustrating to work through. Solve something in a different position. | algorithms |
| You can’t form new memories however you can learn new nonverbal skills. | amneisa anterograde |
| Inability to retrieve memories from one's past. | retrograde amsneisa |
| likelihood of events based on availability in memory. Things that come to mind easily are commonplace. People involved or impressions can shape our impression of the whole group. Fear wrong things because of lack of available personal info and imagery. | avability heristic |
| Clinging to one's initial beliefs and not wanting to change and cling on to initial beliefs events it is discredited. Using personal consciousness that you are always right. People are less biased if they do the opposite. | belief perseverence |
| Organizing info into familiar manageable units. Phone numbers and English sentences are meaningful examples. | chunking |
| the tendency to search for, interpret, favor, and recall information in a way that confirms or supports one's prior beliefs or values. | confirmation bias |
| Physical location helps us determine. Remember more in exact location. | context dependent memory |
| : Expertise, imaginative thinking skills, a ventorous personality, intrinsic motivation, and a creative environment. | components of creaticity |
| Mental groupings of similar objects, events, ideas, and people. Sports birds, chairs, fruirs. Simplify thinking. | concept |
| Narrowing available problem solutions to determine a single best solution. What are bricks used for? | convergent thinking |
| Expanding the number of possible solutions on a creativity test measures divergent thinking. How many ways can you use a brick? | divergent thinking |
| where practice is broken up into a number of short sessions over a longer period of time. | distrbuted practice |
| cramming or intense studying done within a short period without any significant breaks. | massed practice |
| The course of forgetting is initially rapid then levels off in time. 3 year removed Spanish students remember less than those who are in it. Deeply encoded stuff stays like basics. | ebbinghaus forgetting curve |
| A momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli lasting 3-4 seconds. If attention is directed elsewhere sounds words can still be applied. | echoic memory |
| A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli lasting no longer than a few tenths of a second. | ionic memory |
| The process of getting info into the memory system. In a computer, typing info on a keyboard is an example of encoding. | encoding |
| The process of retaining encoded information over time. An example is in a computer storage would be saving it to a hard drive (Long-term memory). | storage |
| The process of getting information out of memory storage. Ex would be opening a file that has been saved. | retrival |
| If we fail to encode our sensations to our long-term memory we will never remember it. | encoding failure |
| Events of your life like becoming an aunt. | epsdoc memroy |
| General Knowledge like knowing the 50 states and capitals. | semantic memory |
| The cognitive skills that work together, enabling us to generate, organize, and plan, and implement local directed activities. | exective functioing |
| a cognitive bias that negatively affects a person's ability to problem-solve and innovate. The bias causes a person to look at a problem in only one specific way and it can prevent them from developing effective solutions to their challenge. | funtional fixtendess |
| Heuristics come from overconfidence. You overestimate yourself and misjudge future events. If a coin lands on tails 4 times you think it will be tails, not heads. | gamblers fallacy |
| A behavior that suggests a person believes they're somehow superior to others | highly superior |
| a specific category of long-term memory that encompasses an individual's personal memories of life experiences and events. It includes memories of events, emotions, and knowledge related to one's own life. | autobigraphical memory |
| individuals picturing a past event that didn't happen and causes them to believe it actually did occur. memories that are actually false and false confessions to crimes that actually weren't committed by the individual confessing. | imagination inflation |
| Inability to recall memories from the first 3 years of life. The hippocampus is one of the last structures to mature. | ingantile amnesia |
| : An effortless, immediate, automatic feeling or thought. WHen we need to make fast judgment, neuristic enables response could be good or bad. | instituiotn |
| Whatever language we experience as a child. Wether spoken or signs will redily learn specific grammer and vocab speaking in nouns then in verbs plus adjectives/ | language acqustiont |
| A relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system. Includes knowledge, skills, and experiences. | long term memroy |
| Memory Reconsolidation: | memory reconsolidation |
| : A tendency to approach something a particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past. How well we think, just as a perceptual set influences what we perceive. JFMA means May june july will be next. | mental set |
| Rely on spatal relationships between locations to arrange contect. Visulzing pantry to remember grocery lsit. And acroynoms like ROYGBIV | method of loci |
| the tendency for the information you learned after an event to interfere with your original memory of what happened. | misninformation effect |
| : Memory aids that often use imagery and organization devices. | mnemocnic devices |
| recall experiences that are consistent with one's good or bad mood. If you are down actions of your parents seem bad but get better when your mood improves. Tends to prolong the mood that you are in. One reason why depressed people stay depressed. | mood congruent memory |
| =: In a language the smallest unit that carries meanings readers 3 morephemes read, er,s. | mprhmese |
| When driving a car, we don't focus on driving exclusively; we also listen to music, carry on a conversation with passengers, and look for the street where our destination is located. Focusing on multiple things at one time. | parallel processing |
| In a language the smallest distinctive sound unit. That has 3 phonemes th,a,t | phonesmes |
| : People are more likely to think of salt when they see the word pepper if they were previously exposed to the phrase salt and pepper. This priming effect occurs because of the strong association between the words salt and pepper. | priming |
| : Wins out. Remember first things. Spend more time rehearsing those so easier to recall. | primacy |
| : Remember the last items. Remember because they are in working memory. | recency |
| Prior learning disrupts recall of new info. Moving forward proactive old replaces new. When trying to recall your new computer password you put in your old one. | proactive interference |
| New learning disrupts the recall of old info. Moving backward. New replaces the old. New lyrics to the tune of the old song prevent you from remembering the original words. | retroactive interference |
| A type of memory related to future actions. I remember I need to study for a chem exam tommorow. | prospective memoery |
| Mental image. New items to prototype. Robin is more our thinking of birds than penguins. Items move away like olive fruit but we think a vegetable. | prototype |
| Estimating the likelihood of events in terms of how they seem to represent the matter particular prototype. Like the short slim guy who you think will be a professor but probably a garbage collector. We think about what we want to based on our knowledge. | representaive heuristic |
| the process of replacing or disrupting a stored memory with a new version of the memory. Old song new lyrics. | reconsolifation |
| Set of rules for delivering meaning from sounds. Meaning. | semantcs in alnguage |
| Set of rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences. Words order. | synatac in language |
| : Immediate very brief recording of sensory info in the memory system if you don’t use it you lose it. | sensory memory |
| the tendency of a person to recall the first and last items in a series best, and the middle items worst. | serial position effect |
| Activated memory that holds a few items briefly before info is stored or forgotten. Encoded through rehearsal. (30-60 seconds) | short temr memory |
| Encoding on a basic level based on the structure of appearance of words. Phonemic encoding emphasized what a word sounds like. | shallow processig |
| Encoding semnatically based on meaning of words tend to yield best retnention. | deep procesing |
| The faulty memory of when something happened. You imagined it. It is hard to separate fake memories from real ones. | source amnesia |
| When we learn in one state may recall more when we are in that area again in that state. Someone who hid money while under the influence won’t remember where it is till they are under again. | state dependendd memory |
| retrieval of information from memory produces better retention than restudying the same information for an equivalent amount of time. long-term memory is increased when part of the learning period is devoted to retrieving information from memory. | testing effect |
| a state in which one cannot quite recall a familiar word but can recall words of similar form and meaning | tip of the tounge phoneomenon |
| understanding of short-term memory that processes incoming auditory/visual info. Retrieved from long-term memory. The brain processes info by visual/auditory info. focused attention so it doesn’t fade. | working memory |
| Predicting school achievement. Measure childs mental age to see if they are where they are on track with othes. You are 5 but mentla age or 4 or you could be 5 and meantal age of 8. To put kinds in the right class. | alfred binets mental age |
| Designed to assess what a person had learned. Unit exams if you are in 90 percentile you are 90 percent better than others. | achoevments test |
| Designed to predict person's future performance. | appitute test |
| differential validity of test scores for groups. Who is testing you. How you feel about test. | biasies in testing |
| Accumilate knowledge and verbal skills tends to increase with age and you learn as you go. | crystallized intellegnece |
| Problem solcing. Our ability to reason speeedily and abstraticly tend to decrease. | fluir intellegence |
| : Good enviromental helps you out and a bad envrionmet doesnt. Adoptoin enhances intelligence scores. Poor enviornment decreases but good envromnet can still lead to bad and good intelligences. | envrinomental influences |
| : Intelligence abilities talents are unchangable even with effort less optism about capacity to change. | fices minsede |
| Chance to improce. Focuses on learning and growing. Praise efforts rather than ability understand hard work and success. | growth mindset |
| HIstorical intelligeence performace gains may be attributed to greater educational oppertunites smaller families and rising living standards. Each gen gets smarter from previous. | flynn effect |
| Movement that proposed only those that seemed fit should reproduce. Mate with others who are smart and natureal high ability to get the right jobs. | francis galton and eugincies |
| Have one general intellifence which underlies all mental abulliteis adn is therefore measured by every task on an intelliene test. Those who score high in one area score higher in the other area. | general intellegeice |
| All people no matter race are all similar under there skin. We all ahve the same lnowledge info processing skils. In different areas ethnic areas of people of golden ages witj remarkable acheivments. Based on environment. | group difference in intelligence |
| 8 relativily intellegences and multiple abilities that come in different packages. Brain damage might destory one intellifence but not other. Savent syndrome is persone limited i one area but exceptional in other. | multiple intelligences |
| mental age times 100 equals chronological age. Mentla afe 10 times 100 equals 125. | iq fromula |
| the percentage of people in a norm group who scored lower than a particular individual on a test or assessmen | percentile rank |
| THe extinct to which a test yields to consistant results. How consitant are they. | relaiblity |
| 3 ap exams scpres should be similar on each scores. All forms of test. | test retest |
| =: Consistancy of scoers on each 2 halves of test. | split half |
| Proposed 3 intelligences rather than 8 or 9. Analytical, creative, practical. Like the SAT test. | sterbergs three intelligences |
| Uniform testing procedures and scores by comparisoin with performances with prestested group. Sat score, ap exam, i learn. Scores fall naer average few above or below. 68 in one, 95 in 2, 99 in 3. | standorizatio |
| A self confirmation concern taht will be evaluated based on negative sterotype. Women perform worse on math because the teacher said men would better. | sterotype threat |
| Extinct to which a test meaures or predicts what it is supposed to. | vailidity |
| Extinct to which a test samples beahvior that is of interst. Ex course exams asseses some material that was tought in class. | consruct |
| Success in which a test predicts the behavior it is desgned to predict. Intelligence predicts future perfomrances. SAT score diminshes as students gets older. | predictive |
Created by:
Pettymac
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