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MEIOSIS & MITOSIS
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what cells undergo mitosis | somatic cells |
| do crossing overs occur in mitosis | no |
| mitosis ends in | 2 identical daughter cells each with 46 chromosomes |
| how many divisions occur in mitosis | one |
| what are the steps in mitosis | prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase |
| what steps occur in interphase | G1, S, G2 |
| what occurs in G1 | cell grows |
| what occurs in S phase | DNA replication |
| what occurs in G2 | cell grows and prepares for cellular division |
| what occurs in prophase | centrioles move to opposite poles and forms spindle |
| what occurs in metaphase | alignment of chromosomes along plate |
| what occurs in anaphase | begins when chromosome splits, chromatids pulled to opposite poles |
| what occurs in telophase | spindle disassembles, chromosomes uncoil |
| what occurs in cytokinesis | cleavage of cell into equal halves, new nucleus appears |
| what cells undergo meiosis | precursor sex cells |
| what cells result from meiosis | sex cells |
| how many cells result from meiosis | 4 unique daughter cells, each with 23 chromosomes |
| how many divisions are in meiosis | two |
| does crossing over occur in meiosis | yes |
| where does crossing over occur in meiosis | prophase 1 |
| what occurs in prophase 1 | chromosomes coil together, spindle forms and crossing over occurs |
| what occurs in metaphase 1 | paired homologous locked together and align at plate |
| what occurs in anaphase 1 | homologues separated from each other and move to opposite poles, chiasmata breaks |
| what occurs in telophase 1 | nuclear envelope reforms around daughter cell nucleus, sister chromatids no longer identical |
| what occurs in prophase 2 | nuclear envelope dissolves, spindle forms |
| what occurs in metaphase 2 | chromosomes consisting of sister chromatids joined at centromere align in place |
| what occurs in anaphase 2 | kinetochore microtubules shorten, sister chromatids pulled to opposite poles |
| what occurs in telophase 2 | nuclear membranes re-form around four different clusters of chromosomes |
| DNA | double-helix deoxyribose |
| RNA | single stranded ribose |
| DNA replication | DNA TO DNA A-T T-A C-G G-C |
| transcription | DNA TO RNA T-A A-U C-G G-C |
| translation | RNA TO RNA U-A A-U C-G G-C |
| what occurs in phases G1 and G2 | transcription and translation |
| what occurs in S phase | DNA replication |
| what is helicase | separates two strands of DNA |
| what is primase | uses RNA to create starting line for DNA Polymerase 3 |
| what is DNA Polymerase 3 | builds new strand of DNA using complementary base paring |
| what is DNA Polymerase 1 | removes RNA primers and replaces primer with DNA |
| what is ligases | glues DNA segments created by DNA Pol 3 with same segments created by DNA Pol 1 |
| what are genes | DNA sequence that codes for a trait |
| what are alleles | gene at specific location in DNA with slightly different sequence |
| dominant | physical trait seen in heterozygous individuals |
| recessive | physical trait seen in homozygous individuals |
| heterozygous | alleles in individual are different case |
| homozygous | alleles in individual are same case |
| genotype | combination of letters at specific location in DNA |
| phenotype | physical appearance |
| autosomal dominant | if person has one dominant allele they have the condition |
| autosomal recessive | if person has two recessive alleles they have the condition |
| codominance | both alleles in one individual are fully expressed in the person |
| incomplete dominance | both alleles only expressed 50% |
Created by:
isalikesscience
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