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Memory & Learning
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Classical Conditioning | learning process where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a meaningful stimulus, eventually triggering a similar conditioned response. |
| Phase I (Pre-Conditioning) (CC) | Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) produces an Unconditioned Response (UCR) |
| Phase II (Conditioning) (CC) | Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) paired with a Neutral Stimulus (NS) to produce an Unconditioned Response (UCR) |
| Phase III (Post-Conditioning) (CC) | The Conditioned Stimulus (CS) produces a Conditioned Response (CR) - The Neutral Stimulus (NS) becomes the Conditioned Stimulus (CS) + The Unconditioned Response (UCR) becomes the Conditioned Response (CR) |
| Operant Conditioning | A learning process where behaviors are shaped and maintained by their consequences. |
| Positive Reinforcement (OC) | Adding something to strengthen a behavior |
| Positive Punishment (OC) | Adding something to weaken a behavior |
| Negative Reinforcement (OC) | Removing something to strengthen a behavior |
| Negative Punishment (OC) | Removing something to weaken a behavior |
| Schedules of reinforcement (OC) | Specific patterns or rules used to deliver reinforcement (rewards or punishments) in operant conditioning. |
| Continuous reinforcement (OC) | Reinforcement is given every time the behavior occurs |
| Partial reinforcement (OC) | Reinforcement is given only some of the time |
| Fixed-Ratio (FR) (PR) (OC) | A constant # of responses is needed for the reward |
| Fixed-Interval (FI) (PR) (OC) | A constant amount of time is needed for the reward |
| Variable-Interval (VI) (PR) (OC) | A changing amount of time is needed for the reward |
| Variable-Ratio (VR) (PR) (OC) | A changing # of responses is needed for the reward |
| Fixed (PR) (OC) | Constant |
| Variable (PR) (OC) | Changing |
| Ratio (PR) (OC) | Depends on # of responses |
| Interval (PR) (OC) | Length of time |
| Modeling (OL) | The process of observing and imitating the behavior of the model/learning by watching someone else and then copying their actions |
| Model (OL) | An individual whose behavior is being observed and potentially imitated by others |
| Learner (OL) | The individual who observes the model’s behavior and has the potential to imitate it |
| Observational learning | A type of learning that occurs by watching others and imitating their behaviors, attitudes, or emotional reactions |
| Attention | The learner must pay attention to the model’s behavior |
| Retention | The learner must be able to remember the behavior they observed |
| Ability to reproduce behavior | The learner must have the physical and mental capacity to perform the behavior |
| Motivation | The learner must be motivated to imitate the behavior |
Created by:
elll
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