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anatomical pp22
The Knee Joint Complex
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| The knee joint complex is what type of joint? | Structural |
| What is the largest joint in the body? | Knee joint complex |
| What is the most frequently injured joint in the body? | Knee joint complex |
| What two functional joints is the knee joint complex made up of? | - Tiobiofemoral joint - Patellofemoral joint |
| What type of structure classification is the tibiofemoral joint? | Synovial modified hinge joint |
| What type of functional classification is the tibiofemoral joint? | Diarthrotic biaxial |
| What type of structure classification if the patellofemoral joint? | Synovial gliding joint |
| What type of function classification is the patellofemoral joint? | Diarthrotic uniaxial |
| What joint is typically being referenced when thinking of the knee joint? | Tibiofemoral joint |
| This joint is the largest diarthrodial joint in the body and is extremely complex. | Knee joint complex |
| A strong, functional knee joint complex is due to what? | - Powerful flexor and extensor muscles - A strong ligamentous structure |
| Bony landmarks of the tibiofemoral joint | Medial and lateral condyles of femur and medial and lateral condyles of tibia (also called tibial plateaus) |
| Bony landmarks of the patellofemoral joint | Medial and lateral facets of patella and patellar groove of femur (also called intercondylar groove or trochlea groove) |
| Important femoral landmarks | - Adductor tubercle - Medial epicondyle - Lateral epicondyle - Intercondylar fossa - Medial condyle - Lateral condyle - Greater and lesser trochanters - Patellar groove/surface |
| Important patellar landmarks | - Lateral facet - Medial facet - Base (superior pole) - Apex (inferior pole) |
| Important tibial landmarks | - Medial plateau (condyle) - Lateral plateau (condyle) - Anterior crest - Intercondylar eminence - Tibial tuberosity - Gerdy's tubercle - Medial malleolus |
| Important fibular landmarks | - Head - Lateral malleolus |
| Why are these bony landmarks important? | They are there for ligament and muscular attachments |
| Ligaments of the knee play an important role in providing stability due to | - Large forces transmitted to knee joint - Weight-bearing functionality - Lack of bony stability from shape of bony landmarks |
| Medial (tibial) collateral ligament is also known as what? | MCL |
| Lateral (fibular) collateral ligament is also known as what? | LCL |
| Anterior cruciate ligament is also known as what? | ACL |
| Posterior cruciate ligament is also known as what? | PCL |
| MCL | - Medial epicondyle of femur to medial surface of medial condyle of tibia - Maintains medial stability (prevents abduction and excessive lateral rotation) |
| LCL | - Lateral epicondyle of femur to head of fibula - Maintains lateral stability (prevents adduction) |
| ACL | - Passes from lateral condyle of femur to intercondylar eminence of tibia - Vital in maintenance of anterior and rotary stability - Limits anterior displacement of tibia relative to femur in all positions of joint movement and limits excessive rotation |
| PCL | - Passes from medial femoral condyle to posterior aspect of tibia - Vital in maintenance of posterior and rotary stability - Limits posterior displacement of tibia relative to femur in all positions of joint movement |
| MCL | - Commonly injured, especially in contact/collision sports - Usually when someone falls against the lateral aspect of the knee/leg - Causes medial opening of the knee joint and/or lateral rotation --> stress to medialstructures |
| ACL | - Commonly injured; considered serious; more common in females - Often involves rotary forces associated with planting, cuffing, and landing in an abducted (valgus) position |
| ACL | - May also be injured with excessive hyperextension or a violent contraction of the quadriceps (pulls the tibia forward on the femur) |
| LCL and PCL | - Infrequently injured - PCL injuries are usually partial tears and athletes can usually keep playing competitively after nonsurgical treatment and rehab |
| Patellar ligament | - Attaches patella to tibia tuberosity - Extension of quadriceps tendon |
| The joint capsule of the tibiofemoral joint is fairly lax and reinforced by what? | Many ligaments, muscles, and fascia |
| Anterior capsule reinforced by what? | - Distal quadriceps femoris tendon - Patella - Infrapatellar ligament - Expansions of quadriceps muscles to medial and lateral retinacular fibers |
| Posterior capsule reinforced by what? | - POL - Arcuate ligament - Fibrous expansions of popliteus, gastrocnemius, and hamstring muscles |
| Medial capsule reinforced by what? | - MCL - Pes anserine muscle tendons (attachment for semitendinosus, sartorius, and gracilis on the anteromedial surface of tibia below medial condyle) - Medial retinacular fibers |
| Lateral capsule reinforced by what? | - LCL - Iliotibial band (IT Band/ITB) - Lateral retinacular fibers |
| Menisci | - Intra-articular - Fibrocartilaginous - Increase stability - Both menisci absorb about half of the weight-bearing force of knee joint |
| Lateral meniscus | - Shaped more like the letter "O" (smaller) |
| Medial meniscus | - Shaped like the letter "C" (larger) - More firmly attached to adjacent structures than lateral meniscus - More commonly injured |
| What does the suprapatellar bursa separate? | Quadriceps, tendon and femur |
| What does the prepatellar bursa separate? | Patella and skin |
| What does the deep infrapatellar bursa separate? | Patellar, tendon and tibia |
| What is the screw home mechanism? | As knee approaches fill extension, tibia must externally rotate to achieve proper alignment of tibial and femoral condyles and lock in place |
| What happens during extension of the knee? | - Screw home mechanism - Increases stability of knee - Decreases work of quadriceps femoris group |
| What happens during knee flexion? | - Flexion of the knee is initiated from a fully extended position, the knee "unlocks" by tibia internally rotating from its externally rotated position to achieve flexion |
| What does the patella do as when it moves along the femur? | Tracks |
| Patellar functions include what? | - Act as an anatomic pully - Reduces friction between quadriceps tendon and femoral condyles - Protects femoral condyles |
| What are the movements between the tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joints? | - Movements between these two joints are related - Tibiofemoral joint extends, patella moves proximally at patellofemoral joint - Tibiofemoral joint flexes, patella moves distally at patellofemoral joint |
Created by:
faithlluce
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