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Chapter 3.1

TermDefinition
Mineral A naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition.
Mohs Hardness Scale A scale ranking ten minerals from softest to hardest, used in testing the hardness of minerals.
Crystal structure A solid in which the atoms are arranged in a pattern that repeats again and again allowing crystallization to occur.
Cleavage A mineral’s ability to split easily along flat surfaces.
Crystallization The formation of crystals process-when atoms are arranged to form a material with a crystal structure.
Fracture The way a mineral looks when it breaks apart in an irregular way, uneven edges.
Luster The way light reflects off the surface of a mineral.
Inorganic Not formed from living things or remains of living things.
Geode A hollow rock inside which mineral crystals have grown.
Streak The color of a mineral’s powder.
Solution A mixture in which one substance is dissolved in another.
Vein A narrow deposit of mineral that is very different from the surrounding rock.
Talc The softest mineral, can be scratched by your fingernail.
Diamond The hardest mineral, can only be scratched by itself.
Surface color This is the least reliable test to identify a mineral and should be be used on its own.
Compound Made of two or more elements that are chemically bonded. Most minerals are this type of substance.
Element A substance that cannot be broken down, it is in its most pure form. Minerals such as gold, copper and silver are included.
Minerals from solutions When elements and compounds that are dissolved in water leave a solution, crystallization occurs.
Slow cooling magma Leads to large crystals
Rapid cooling magma Leads to small crystals
Minerals from organic processes Clams and shells are made of the mineral calcite.
Pyrite The mineral that is nicknamed, "fools gold" and has cubic crystals.
Faces and Angles Geologists measure a mineral's crystal pattern by its __________.
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