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Discovering Cells

Lesson 1+2

TermDefinition
Cell The basic unit of structure and function in living things.
Microscope An instrument that makes small objects look larger.
Cell Theory A widely accepted explanation of the relationship between cells and living things.
Cell Wall A rigid supporting layer that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms.
Cell Membrane A thin, flexible barrier that surrounds a cell and controls which substances pass into and out of a cell.
Nucleus In cells, a large oval organelle that contains the cells genetic material in the form of DNA and controls many of cell's activties.
Organelle A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell.
Ribosome A small grain-shaped organelle in the cytoplasm of a cell that produces proteins.
Cytoplasm A thick fluid region of a cell located inside the cell membrane(in prokaryotes) or between the cell membrane and nucleus(in eukaryotes).
Mitochondria Red-shaped organelles that convert energy in food molecules to energy the cell can use to carry out its functions.
Endoplasmic Reticulum An organelle that forms a maze of passageways in which proteins and other materials are carried from one part of the cell to another.
Golgi Apparatus An organelle in a cell that receives proteins and other newly formed materials from the endoplasmic reticulum, packages them, and distributes them to other parts of the cell.
Vacuole A sac-like organelle that stores water, food, and other materials.
Chloropast An organelle in the cells of plants and some other organisms that captures energy from sunlight and changes it to an energy form that cells can use in making foods.
Lysosome A cell organelle which contains chemicals that break down large food particles into smaller ones and that can be used by the rest of the cell.
Multicellular Consisting of many cells.
Unicellular Made of a single cell.
Tissue A group of similar cells that perform a specific function.
Organ A body structure that is composed of different kinds of tissues that work together.
Organ System A group of organs that work together to perform a major function.
Element A pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical or physical means.
Compound A substance made of two or more elements chemically combined in a specific ratio, or proportion.
Carbohydrate An energy-rich organic compound, such as a sugar or a starch. that is made of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Lipid An energy-rich organic compound such as fat, oil, or wax, that is made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Protein Large organic molecule made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur.
Enzyme A type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing.
Nucleic Acid A very large organic molecule made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus, that contains the instructions cells need to carry out all the functions of life.
DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid; the genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring.
Double Helix The shape of a DNA molecule.
Selectively Permeable A property of cell membranes that allows some substances to pass across it, while others cannot.
Passive Transport The movement of dissolved materials across a cell membrane without using cellular energy.
Diffusion The process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Osomosis The diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane.
Active Transport The movement of materials across a cell member using cellular energy.
Endocytosis The process by which the cell membrane takes particles into the cell by changing shape and engulfing the particels.
Exocytosis The process by which the vacuole surrounding particles fuses with the cell membrane, forcing the contents out of the cell.
Created by: ebutterfield005
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