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APES Vocab. Ch. 8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Durian | Tough-skinned, spikey, stinky fruit found primarily in Southeast Asia |
| Flying Fox (Fruit Bats) | A crucial mega-bat for forests that disperses seeds and pollinates flowers. |
| Community | A group of multiple species |
| Physical Appearance | The appearance |
| Species richness | External appearance of an individual |
| Species abundance | The total amount of individuals of a species within an area |
| Niche structure | A biotic part of the ecosystems |
| Ecotone | A transitional area of vegetation between two different plant communities |
| Edge effect | Changes in population or community structures that occur at the boundary of habitats |
| Depth-species diversity gradient | A diversity gradient that states there is high species diversity above 2000 feet and below 5500 feet. |
| Degree of Isolation | Affects species diversity. Could be geographical, temporal, or behavioral |
| Theory of island biogeography | Biodiversity and number of species inhabiting an island is impacted by the islands size and degree of isolation |
| Habitat islands | Areas of various sizes which should contain all the necessities for certain species of wildlife to survive and thrive |
| Native species | A species that has existed in an ecosystem without human intervention |
| Nonnative (exotic) species | A species that is introduced by humans or pushed to a new ecosystem |
| Indicator species | A species that reflects its environment's condition |
| Keystone species | A species that helps define an entire ecosystem |
| Habitat modification | Changes in an area's primary ecological functions due to human activity or invasive species |
| Intraspecific competition | 2 or more individuals of the same species compete for resources |
| Interspecific competition | Competition between species for resources |
| Territoriality | Persistent attachment to a specific territory |
| Fundamental niche | Biotic and abiotic conditions that an organism can live in the absence of pressures such as predation, competition, or disease |
| Interference competition | When one organism physically restricts another organism's access to resources |
| Exploitation competition | When individuals interact indirectly as they compete for common resources |
| Competitive exclusion | Two of the same species with identical needs cannot live in the same habitat |
| Resource partitioning | Different organisms within one ecosystem split up an area so that they will not compete for the same resources |
| Realized niche | Actual space occupied by a organism due to the pressures of other species |
| Character displacement | An evolutionary change that occurs when two similar species inhabit the same environment |
| Predator-prey relationship | An interaction where an organism hunts (predator) other organisms for food (prey) |
| Pursuit | Types of predation that focuses on a predators superior speed and endurance to seize prey |
| Camouflage | A physical adaptation that allows an organism to hide or disguise themselves in an environment |
| Chemical warfare | The use of chemical substances as weapons |
| Dog-dwarf shark | The smallest shark in the world known to only reach a maximum of 20 cm |
| Warning coloration | Conspicuous coloring that warns a predator that an animal is unpalatable or poisonous |
| Mimicry | An adaptation that allows an organism to look like another organism or imitate something to intimidate |
| Symbiosis | A relationship between two or more different species |
| Parasitism | Interaction where an organism (parasite) feeds on another (host) without killing it most of the time. |
| Parasite | An organism that feeds of others without killing them most of the time. Could be endoparasitic (Bacteria and Virus) or exoparasitic (mosquitoes, leeches, etc.) |
| Host | The organism affected by parasites |
| Mutualism | A relationship where both organisms benefit |
| Pollination | The act of transferring male grains pollen to female stigmas |
| Nutritional mutualism | A mutualistic relationship where both get nutrients |
| Lichens | A pioneer species which is a relationship between fungus and moss |
| Rhizobium | Bacteria found in legume roots that fix nitrogen gas into nitrates |
| Epiphytes | A plant that grows on or around another plant but does NOT harm it. |
| Commensalism | A relationship where one organism benefits and the other is unaffected |
| Ecological succession | A gradual change in the environment over time that determines the ecological community of the area |
| Primary succession | An ecological succession that occurs when no soil is present after a disturbance. (Ex. Volcanic eruptions, glaciers, etc.) |
| Secondary succession | An ecological succession that occurs when soil is present after a disturbance. (Ex. Forest fires, floods, etc.) |
| Early successional plant species | First species in succession such as lichens and mosses that make soil over a long time |
| Mid-successional plant species | Species that appear some time after the pioneer species in succession. Primarily grasses, shrubs, and ferns. |
| Late successional species | Species that indicate the finalization of succession and stability in the environment. Includes trees, top predators, |
| Facilitation | One species helps introduce another into an ecosystem |
| Inhibition | One species prevents another from entering an ecosystem |
| Tolerance | The limits that organisms have on biotic and abiotic factors |
| Disturbance | A drastic change in an ecosystem's structures or functions |
| Intermediate disturbance hypothesis | When disturbances are neither too rare or frequent, an ecosystems local diversity is at its highest |
| Climax community | An ecological community where everything is in perfect balance and stable |
| Balance of nature | The theory of ecological equilibrium |
| Biotic change | A change in living components and factors |
| Mature community | Fairly stable, self-sustaining community |
| Vegetation patches | A patch of plant life in an area |
| Stability | Ability for an ecosystem to resist change |
| Inertia (Persistence) | The ability for an ecosystem to resist moderate changes |
| Constancy | The ability for an ecosystem to maintain a certain size or state |
| Resilience | Ability for an ecosystem to recover from disturbances |
| Precautionary principles | Precautionary measures taken when an activity poses threat to human health or the environment |
| Ambush | Type of predation that uses patience and concealment to surprise their prey and prevent a chase |
Created by:
diego.reyes2
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