click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Psych Chapter 14
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| personality | The consistent, enduring, and unique characteristics of a person. |
| unconscious | The part of the mind that contains material of which we are unaware but that strongly influences conscious processes and behaviors. |
| id | The part of the unconscious personality that contains our needs, drives, instincts, and repressed material. |
| ego | The part of the personality that is in touch with reality and strives to meet the demands of the id and the superego in socially acceptable ways. |
| superego | The part of the personality that is the source of conscience and counteracts the socially undesirable impulses of the id. |
| defense mechanisms | Certain specific means by which the ego unconsciously protects itself against unpleasant impulses or circumstances. |
| collective unconscious | The part of the mind that contains inherited instincts, urges, and memories common to all people. |
| archetype | An inherited idea, based on the experiences of one’s ancestors, which shapes one’s perception of the world. |
| inferiority complex | A pattern of avoiding feelings of inadequacy rather than trying to overcome their source. |
| behaviorism | Belief that the proper subject matter of psychology is objectively observable behavior—and nothing else, |
| contingencies of reinforcement | The occurrence of rewards or punishments following particular behaviors. |
| humanistic psychology | A school of psychology that emphasizes personal growth and the achievement of maximum potential by each unique individual. |
| self-actualization | The humanist term for realizing one’s unique potential. |
| positive regard | Viewing oneself in a favorable light due to supportive feedback received from interaction with others. |
| conditions of worth | The conditions a person must meet in order to regard himself or herself positively. |
| unconditional positive regard | The perception that individuals’ significant others value them for what they are, which leads the individuals to grant themselves the same favorable opinion or view. |
| fully functioning | Having the person and self coincide. |
| trait | A tendency to react to a situation in a way that remains stable over time. |
| cardinal trait | A characteristic or feature that is so pervasive the person is almost identified with it. |
| factor analysis | A complex statistical technique used to identify the underlying reasons variables are correlated. |
| surface trait | A stable characteristic that can be observed in certain situations. |
| source trait | A stable characteristic that can be considered to be at the core of personality. |
| self | One’s experience or image of oneself, developed through interaction with others. |