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Exam #3 Psy 420
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Turing machine (TM) a computing device that manipulates symbols according to a set of rules | |
| - capable of any computation that can be performed by any other computing device | |
| shannon's theory of information it is a model of human perceptual processing in which information is passed on as a series of representations | |
| signal is a representation of the message in a form suitable for transmission | |
| transmitter converts the message into a form suitable for transmission | |
| noise information in a transmission system that is unrelated to the signal, and serves to make the signal more difficult to decipher | |
| Marr's Hierarchical Model of Perception describes 3 levels of perceptual processing: local features, shape representation, object representation | |
| apperceptive agnosia can see features but cannot name, copy, or even match simple shapes (confuse a triangle for a circle | |
| analog representations magnitudes in one physical system map onto analogous magnitudes in another system | |
| symbolic representations abstract, arbitrary symbols in one system correspond to entities or states in the other system | |
| grandmother cell example of most extreme sparse coding. Highly specialized neurons that respond to a single stimulus, and no other stimulus | |
| S-M-, L- cones S= blue | |
| M= green | |
| L= red | |
| R-, G-, B- cones Red/Green/Blue cone photoreceptors | |
| Univariance the principle whereby any single cone system is colorblind, in the sense that different combinations of wavelength and intensity can result in the same response from the cone system | |
| metamers Two colors or lights that appear the same hue but contain different light wavelengths | |
| redundancy a term used to describe signal components that add little , if anything, to the information content of a signal | |
| transmission rate refers to the question about how quickly can the system transfer signals. | |
| What is the pyramid illusion? An example of how lateral inhibition in receptive fields causes a visual illusion. | |
| What visual effect is observed in the pyramid illusion? Bright rays are seen radiating from the center of the pattern, even though none are present in the image. | |
| What causes the pyramid illusion? The illusion arises from center-surround responses that serve to accentuate corners. | |
| What is the visual structure of the pyramid illusion? It contains a series of overlaid squares, each successive square is smaller and lighter than the last. | |
| artifical intelligence a theory of how to understand cognition based on the principles of the mind-computer metaphor. The father of the study of artificial intelligence is Alan Turing. | |
| 2 and 1/2 D sketch in Marr's theory it is the shape representation stage of perceptual processing | |
| Hermann Grid Illusion example of how lateral inhibition in receptive fields cause a visual illusion | |
| interaural delay is the difference in when sound arrives at the left and right ear. This difference is coded by a population of neurons, not a single neuron. | |
| spectral reflectance this is a physical process that enables us to see color. Any given object's material absorbs all wavelengths except the ones corresponding to the color we see. | |
| vertical inhibition suppression of neuronal activity from top-down higher levels of processing (e.g. from cortex to thalamus) | |
| channel capacity refers to the question about how many signals can be transmitted simultaneously in the network | |
| neuron doctrine of perception proposes that single neurons each code perceptually significant events and objects | |
| interneural delay the slightest difference in the time it takes for a sound to reach each ear | |
| sparse coding redundancy of information processing at work... one drawback to sparse coding is illusions | |
| lateral inhibition lowers firing rate (and thus energy consumption) for homogeneous stimuli and highlights places where there is change | |
| Coding efficiency a numerical indication of how efficiently a PCM code is utilized | |
| associative agnosia a disorder involving a failure in object recognition in which perception seems normal but the person is unable to link his or her perception to basic visual knowledge | |
| population codes a processing scheme in which different values of a stimulus attribute such as color or tilt are coded by different patterns of activity in a population of neurons |
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jPainter1
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