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Module 27 Ap Psych
Module 27 Ap Psych Unit 4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Operant Conditioning | A type of learning in which a behavior becomes more likely to recur if followed by a reinforcer or less likely to recur if followed by a punisher |
| B.F. Skinner | A type of learning in which a behavior becomes more likely to recur if followed by a reinforcer or less likely to recur if followed by a punisher |
| Edward Thorndike's law of effect | Behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely and that behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences become less likely |
| Operant chamber | In operant conditioning research, a chamber containing a bar or key that an animal can manipulate to obtain a food or water reinforcer |
| Reinforcement | In operant conditioning any event that strengthens the behavior it follows |
| Shaping | An operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior |
| Discriminating stimulus | In operant conditioning A stimulus that elicits a respones after association with reinforcement |
| Positive reinforcement | Any stimulus that when presented after a response strengthens the response |
| Negative reinforcement | Any stimulus that when removed after a response strengthens the response |
| Primary reinforcement | An innately reinforcing stimulus, such as one satisfied a biological need |
| Conditioned reinforcer | A stimulus that gains its reinforcing power through its association with a primary reinforce |
| Immediate reinforcer | The stimulus immediately after |
| Delayed reinforcer | wait for a period before giving the reward |
| Reinforcement schedules | A pattern that defines how often a desired response will be reinforced |
| Continuos renforcement schedule | Reinforcing the desired response every time it occurs |
| Partial reinforcement schedule | Reinforcing a response only part of the time |
| Fixed-ratio | A reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specified number of responses |
| Variable-ratio | A reinforcement schedule that reinforces a respones after an unpredictable number of responses |
| Fixed-interval | A reinforement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specified time has elapsed |
| Variable-interval | A reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response at unpredictable times |
| Punishment | An event that tends to decrease the behavior that it follows |
| Positive punishment | Administer an averse stimulus (spray water on a barking dog) |
| Negative punishment | Withdraw a rewarding stimulus (taking away driving privileges) |
| 4 drawbacks to physical punishment | Punished behavior is suppressed not forgotten, Punishment teaches discrimination among situations, Punishment can teach fear, Physical punishment may increase aggression by modeling violence to cope with problems |
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avaJwilliams
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