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Science Unit 4
Changes in the Earth's Surface
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Landforms | a natural feature of the earth's surface such as mountains and canyons. |
| Constructive Process | A process or force that builds up an existing landform or creates a new one. |
| Destructive Process | a process or force that destroys or breaks down the landform. |
| Weathering | the process of wearing away, dissolving, or breaking down rock. |
| Erosion | the process of moving sediment (by agents such as water, wind, ice, and gravity) after being weathered. |
| Deposition | the process of dropping or placing sediment in a new location after it has been moved by water, wind, ice, or gravity. |
| Sediments | loose and tiny pieces of soil and rocks. |
| Landslide | The movement of a mass of rock, debris, or earth own a slope. Landslides are a type of “mass wasting,” which denotes any down-slope movement of soil and rock under the direct influence of gravity. |
| Volcano | A mountain or a hill with an opening and a magma chamber inside. When a volcano erupts is pushed through the opening with great force. When magma reaches the Earth’s surface, it is called lava. |
| Mountains | Rises high above its surroundings. Taller than a hill, it usually has steep sides and a rounded or sharp peak. |
| Deltas | An area of low, flat land shaped like a triangle, where a river splits and spreads out into several branches before entering the sea. |
| Sand Dunes | A hill of sand near an ocean or in a desert that is formed by wind. |
| Glacier/moraine | A slowly moving mass or river of ice formed by the accumulation and compaction of snow on mountains or near the poles. A moraine is the material (usually soil and rock) that is left behind by a moving glacier |
| Sea Arches | An arch-shaped rock formation created when ocean waves crash into a cliff, slowly eroding the rock. |
| Canyons | A deep, narrow valley with steep sides, formed by a river slowly eroding the land over millions of years. |
| Gorge | A gorge is a narrow, steep-sided valley formed by a river cutting through rock over a long period of time. |
| Caves | A hollow space underground or in a cliff, created by water slowly dissolving or eroding the surrounding rock. |
| Earthquakes | A sudden and violent shaking of the ground, sometimes causing great destruction as a result of movements within the earth’s crust or sometimes with volcanic action |
| Floods | An overflowing of the river onto land that is normally dry. Floods can happen during heavy rains, when ocean waves come on shore when snow melts quickly, or when dams or levees break. |
Created by:
Jencoffield
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