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Exam 2 - Learning
Intro to Psychology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is classical conditioning? | we learn to associate two stimuli that are repeatedly paired in roder and thus anticipate events. we associate stimuli that we do not control, and we automatically respond |
| what is operant conditioning? | to increase likelihood of behaviors that bring rewards (reinforcers) and to decrease likelihood of behaviors that bring unwanted results (punishments) |
| what is observational learning? | new behaviors by observing events and by watching others |
| what is cognitive learning? | things we have neither experienced nor observed explicitly by attending, encoding, and elaboration through language |
| fill in the blanks ____ stimuli & _____ stimulus - _______ response | neutral stimuli unconditioned stimulus unconditioned response |
| fill in the blanks _____ stimulus - ___ response | conditioned stimulus conditioned response |
| before conditioning neutral stimulus -- ______ unconditioned stimulus ---- _______ | no consistent response unconditioned response |
| during conditioning _____ stimulus -- ___ stimulus -- ______ response | neutral stimulus unconditioned stimulus unconditioned response |
| after conditioning _____ stimulus -- ____ response | conditioned stimulus conditioned response |
| what is acquisition? | when a neutral stimulus (NS) is presented just before presenting the unconditioned stimulus (US) more often, the conditioned response (CR) becomes stronger |
| what is extinction? | presenting conditioned stimulus without pairing it with the unconditioned stimulus will gradually result in the disappearance of the conditioned behavior |
| what is operant conditioning? | changing a behavior choice based on potential consequences |
| what is positive reinforcement? | increasing a target behavior by adding something desirable |
| what is negative reinforcement? | increasing target behavior by taking away something aversive |
| what is positive punishment | adding an aversive stimulus to decrease behavior |
| what is negative punishment | removing a desirable stimulus to decrease behavior |
| what is continuous reinforcement? | its reinforced every time |
| what is partial reinforcement? | reinforced sometimes |
| what is fixed ratio? | reinforcing behavior after a set number of responses produces high rates of responding |
| what is variable ratio? | reinforce behavior after an unpredictable number of responses produces high rates of responding |
| what are fixed intervals? | reinforcing fist response after a fixed time period (every so often) produces a choppy stop-start pattern |
| what are variable intervals? | reinforce the first response after varying time intervals (unpredictable often) produces slow, steady responses |
Created by:
anaelc
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