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_______ disorders are becoming an epidemic in the Western world, with the number of new cases increasing dramatically since the 1950s.
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______ _______, which involves a drop in BODY WEIGHT, and ________ ________, which involves BINGE EATING and PURGING, are the two most common eating disorders, both centered around a desire to be thin.
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Abnorm Psych Test 3

Abnorm Psych Test 2

QuestionAnswer
_______ disorders are becoming an epidemic in the Western world, with the number of new cases increasing dramatically since the 1950s. Eating
______ _______, which involves a drop in BODY WEIGHT, and ________ ________, which involves BINGE EATING and PURGING, are the two most common eating disorders, both centered around a desire to be thin. ANOREXIA NERVOSA, BULIMIA NERVOSA
________ refers to ATTEMPTS, such INDUCING VOMITING or using LAXATIVES, to relieve the body of food. Purging
The main contributors to the etiology of EATING DISORDERS are ___________ factors. SOCIOCULTURAL
The mortality rate from ______ ________ is highest for any psychological disorder. eating disorders
EATING DISORDER patterns in ________ are beginning to mimic WESTERN rates. ASIA
Bulimia nervosa is characterized by uncontrolled ________, defined as eating more food than most people would eat under the same circumstances. BINGES
Bulimics may also try to _______ for the amount of food eaten by purging, which can involve induced _______ or use of laxatives. compensate, purging
BULIMIA is classified in DSM-IV as either ________ type or _____-______ type, though little evidence has been found of any major defining differences between the two. purging, non-purging
According to be classified as "BULIMIC," how often must the patient purge, and for how long? 2-3x/wk, 3 months
DSM-IV criteria for bulimia also note that body _______ plays a large role in SELF-EVALUATION. shape
5 Bulimic MEDICAL CONSEQUENCES 1. Salivary Gland Enlargement, 2. Erosion of Dental Enamel, 3. Calloused Hands and Fingers, and 4. Electrolyte Imbalances leading to KIDNEY FAILURES or HEART PROBLEMS
Psychological problems such as ANXIETY, __________ __________ and/or ________ _________ often co-occur with BULIMIA NERVOSA. substance abuse, mood disorders
______ _______ differs from bulimia in that anorexics actually LOSE WEIGHT, becoming DANGEROUSLY UNDERWEIGHT. ANOREXIA NERVOSA
Anorexia IS/IS NOT as common as bulimia. is not
Anorexia centers around the fear of ________ and desire to be ______, and often involves excessive _______, ________ ________, and possibly ________ behaviors. obesity, thin, exercise, caloric restriction, purging behaviors
DSM-IV describes two major types of ANOREXIA: _______ type, which DOES NOT involve purging, and the BINGE-EATING/PURGING type, which uses purging attempts to lose weight. restricting
Binge/purge types of anorexia exhibit more IMPULSIVE BEHAVIOR than do restricting types, and are LESS/MORE likely to have been OBESE. more
Anorexics also have distortions in ______ ________, viewing themselves as OBESE in spite of reality. BODY IMAGE
Medical conditions associated with anorexia are cessation of _________ (likely to be dropped as a DIAGNOSTIC CRITERION in DSM-V), sensitivity to ______, BRITTLE ______ and ______, and growth of _______ ______ on LIMBS and CHEEKS. menstruation, cold, hair/nails, downy hair
ANXIETY and MOOD DISORDERS are often comorbid in persons with ANOREXIA NERVOSA, with ________ _________ ________ being common. OCD
_____-________ disorder involves BINGE EATING without ________ behaviors, and many people with this disorder are in WEIGHT-CONTROL BEHAVIORS. BINGE-EATING, compensatory
Age of onset for BULIMIA is usually between ____ or ____ years of age, and the disorder is most common in white, upper-middle class MEN/WOMEN. 16-19, women
Surveys suggest that 6-8% of COLLEGE WOMEN and 9% of HIGH SCHOOL GIRLS meet criteria for _______. bulimia
The lifetime prevalence of the disorder is higher for YOUNGER/OLDER women than it is for YOUNGER/OLDER women. younger, older
Age of onset of ANOREXIA is typically around ____ years of age, although anorexia is _____ as common as BULIMIA. 15, not
Anorexia and bulimia occur at the SAME/DIFFERENT rates in minority populations. different
The rate of eating disorders among AFRICAN AMERICAN and ASIAN AMERICAN females is HIGHER/LOWER than among CAUCASIAN females; however, a comparison of the rates between CAUCASIAN and HISPANIC females indicates relative ________. lower, equivalence
The EATING DISORDER rate is even HIGHER among _______ _______. NATIVE AMERICANS
In China, the focus of EATING DISORDERS is not obesity but may be related to _______ ________, reflecting the cultural ideal of BEAUTY. SKIN DISORDERS
The disorders are also subject to _________ influences, with onset during adolescence suggesting a relationship to ________ development. development, physical
Sociocultural factors related to the etiology of anorexia and bulimia include equating _________ ________ with physical attractiveness as defined by cultural ideals. self worth
Studies of ________ _________ ________ and _______ ________ __________ reveal that women in these are THINNER and have a DIFFERENT BODY SHAPE than in previous years. PLAYBOY MAGAZINE CENTERFOLDS, MISS AMERICA CONTESTANTS
The playboy/miss america depiction of slenderness seems to be particularly focused on WOMEN in that MALES are ____ to _____ times more likely to appear on television as are overweight women. 2 to 5
Research has established a STRONG/WEAK relationship between MEDIA EXPOSURE and the presence of EATING DISORDER SYMPTOMS. strong
The emphasis on THINNESS has INCREASED/DECREASED steadily over the centuries. INCREASED
YOUNGER girls typically diet MORE/LESS than OLDER girls. LESS
FALLON and ROZIN found that women rated their current body size as LIGHTER/HEAVIER than their MOST ATTRACTIVE body size, which was HEAVIER than their IDEAL body size. HEAVIER
Ironically, the women's ratings of their ideal body size WERE/WERE NOT as heavy as men's ratings of women's most attractive body size. WERE NOT
Women preferred the male body with out the added ______. muscles
Others note that adolescent girls who _____ are 8X more likely to develop an eating disorder. DIET
Another important factor in dieting and body image in adolescent girls is their clique of ________ (or peers). friends
In another study, the body image in males who believed they looked too small is referred to as _______ anorexia nervosa. reverse
Another body influence for males is in the ______ culture. gay
In groups that pressure girls to remain thin, such as ballet dancing, eating disorders are LESS/MORE prevalent. MORE
Families of girls with eating disorders tend to be _____-_______, with mothers who are not as satisfied with their family as other mothers are. HIGH-ACHIEVING
Genetic factors are involved in eating disorders, as evidenced by twin studies, although ________ characteristics that lead to eating disorders, instead of the disorders themselves, may be inherited. personality
The HYPOTHALAMUS regulates EATING and WEIGHT, and research on ________ suggests that they affect EATING as well. NEUROTRANSMITTERS
Low levels of ______ have been linked to both impulsive behavior in general and binge-eating behavior as well. serotonin
Biological models of eating disorders have difficulty distinguishing the causes from the _______ of eating disorders. results
Women with eating disorders tend to have lower _______ and higher SOCIAL ANXIETY. confidence
They often perceive themselves as _________, feeling their impressions on others are false. frauds
ROSEN and LEITENBERG noted that bulimics have anxiety about eating, and that purging may be a way of ________ ________. relieving anxiety
An ________ model suggests that, although the three major eating disorders are identifiable by their unique characteristics, they have much in common in terms of causal factors. INTEGRATIVE
________ medications are used in drug treatment of bulimia, and have been found to reduce binging and purging, although long-term effects are not evident. ANTIDEPRESSANT
Current cognitive behavioral treatment involves education about the effects of binging and purging, scheduling SMALL/NORMAL-SIZE/LARGE and ______ meals, altering dysfunctional _______ about eating and body image, and development of _______ strategies. small, frequent, thoughts, coping
_________ _________, which does not focus on eating habits or weight, is also effective with bulimia. interpersonal therapy
Similar treatment strategies have shown promising results for ________-________, with interpersonal therapy being as effective as cognitive-behavioral theory. binge-eaters
Treatment for anorexia first involves helping the client _____ _______ to reduce medical complications. gain wait
Combining drugs with PSYCHOSOCIAL TREATMENTS (IMPROVES/HINDERS/DOESN'T EFFECT) IMPROVES
Self-help procedures have been EFFECTIVE/INEFFECTIVE as treatment for binge eating disorder. effective
Long term results of treatments for anorexia have HIGHER/LOWER rates of full recovery than for bulimia. lower
As is the case with other psychological disorders, ________ may be the best method to reduce the prevalence of eating disorders. prevention
One approach to preventing eating disorders involves screening 11-12 year old girls for the most predictive factor, _______ _______ _____ __________, and providing corrective information. concern about being overweight
Even though obesity is not considered an eating disorder in the DSM, it constitutes a very serious _______ risk for millions of Americans. health
Not only does obesity have physical implications, it may also affect ________ and psychological functioning. social
Affecting 30.5% of the American population in 2000, obesity has accounted for over ______ deaths in the United States alone. 164k
Recently, obesity has become the single most ________ health problem in the United States, surpassing the costs of smoking and alcohol abuse. expensive
_______ seems to be a contributing factor in rates of obesity worldwide. Ethnicity
In the US, rates of obesity are HIGHER/LOWER among AFRICAN AMERICAN and HISPANIC women than for CAUCASIAN women. HIGHER
URBAN settings have LOWER/HIGHER rates of obesity than do RURAL settings. HIGHER
Cases of OBESITY are due to two forms of MALADAPTIVE EATING PATTERNS: ________ _________ and ________ _______ syndrome. binge eating, night eating syndrome
Binge eating accounts for between ____ and ____ of obese people. 7% and 19%
Binge-eating obese people are typically treated through ______ _______ _________. weight loss programs
NIGHT EATING SYNDROME affects between ____ and _______ of OBESE individuals seeking weight loss treatment and as many as 27% of those with extreme obesity seeking ________ surgery. 7-15%, bariatric
a type of surgery for extremely obese people where they REDUCE STOMACH SIZE by implanting a MEDICAL DEVIDE, removing part of the stomach or RE-SECTING/RE-ROUTING the small intestines to a small stomach pouch BARIATRIC SURGERY
Individuals with NIGHT EATING SYNDROME consume at least a QUARTER/THIRD/HALF of their daily intake after their evening meal and get out of bed at night to consume a ______ calorie snack. THIRD, HIGH
NIGHT-EATING SYNDROME patients DO/DO NOT binge or purge and ARE/ARE NOT fully aware of their eating habits late at night. do not, are
The spread of _______ is linked to the OBESITY EPIDEMIC. MODERNIZATION
The consumption of ______ ______ _______ and ________ lifestyles are the largest contributors to obesity. high fat foods
This ________ environment interacts with people's _________, __________, and ____________ to cause an EVER-INCREASING amount of obesity in the United States. toxic, genetics, physiologies, personalities
Treatment options for obesity have been less successful on an ________ basis with a greater long-term impact on ________ and _________ than on adults. individual, children, adolescents
Obesity treatment plans typically involve a series of _______ for obese individuals. steps
The first step to curing obesity usually includes SELF-DIRECTED WEIGHT LOSS programs, like those found in popular ______ ________. diet books
Short term ________ can be witnessed from these programs, but few long-lasting benefits are seen. effects
The second step to curing obesity is _________ ______-_______ _______, such as Weight Watchers, and Jenny Craig. commercial self-help programs
Programs such as Weight Watchers and Jenny Craig receive a much BETTER/WORSE success rate than do individual programs with 19% to 37% of people weight within _____ pounds of their goal weight at least five _______ after treatment. five, years
The third and most successful step includes professionally directed _________ _______ ______________. behavior modification programs
Group ______ sessions and _______ therapies help those individuals who are more dangerously obese, but are still not permanently effective. maintenance, drug
The last step for extremely obese individuals is a _________ approach. surgical
__________ surgery has become a popular approach to obesity in recent years and holds reasonably _______ success rates. Bariatric, high
Gastric bypass is another option for limiting ________ ________ and the __________ of calories. food intake, absorption
For the treatment of obese children, ________ __________ programs are most effective. behavior modification
How does SEXUAL NORMALCY differ between the GENDERS? (5) 1) Men MASTURBATE more; 2) Frequency of INTERCOURSE; 2) EMOTIONAL ATTITUDES towards sex; 4) Men are more VISUAL and AROUSED more EASILY; 5) CORE BELIEFS-Women more EMBARRASSED by their sexuality
In regards to "NORMAL SEXUAL AGES," when to people usually start having sex, and which age do people seem to have a BETTER QUALITY SEX LIFE? people are starting earlier, especially in COLLEGE, and 40-50 seem to have a better quality sex life
_____ tend to report greater number of INTERCOURSE and greater number of PARTNERS. MEN
How do GENETICS and the ENVIRONMENT influence development of SEXUAL ORIENTATION? (2) IDENTICAL TWINS have a bigger influence in homosexuality, and homosexuality RUNS IN FAMILIES
What does research say about people who's middle fingers are longer than their ring fingers? they have more FEMININE TRAITS
GENDER IDENTITY DISORDER occurs when _______ ________ is inconsistent with ID as MALE/FEMALE. BIOLOGICAL GENDER
GENDER IDENTITY DISORDER is more common in which gender? males
GENDER IDENTITY DISORDER differs from _______ fetishism, _________ arousal patterns, _________, and ______> Transvestic, homosexual, androgyny, drag
What is ANDROGYNY? you can't tell whether an individual is a male or female
The PRIMARY GOALS of someone with GENDER IDENTITY DISORDER are to live in manner that is CONSISTENT with ______ ______ and how they experience themselves as a _______ or ________. inner self, man/woman
Are the primary goals of gender identity disorder sexual or not? NO
Are there any BIOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS to GENDER IDENTITY DISORDER? Why? No, Biology shows we are GENDERED by 18 months
What criteria do you have to meet in order to get a SEX REASSIGNMENT SURGERY? (2) 1-2 years in desired sex role; stable psychology, financially, socially
What changes do you have to go through to transform from MALE-FEMALE? (3) 1) HORMONES to control HAIR GROWTH; 2) ELECTROLYSIS, 3) FEMINIZING SURGERIES for BREASTS, GENITALIA
What changes do you have to go through to transform from MALE to FEMALE? (3) 1) Hormones to create CHEST/FACIAL HAIR, GAIN WEIGHT; 2) Chest surgery to REDUCE BREASTS; 3) PENIS CONSTRUCTION
What is INTERSEXUALITY? You look like a male but don't have a penis, or look like a female but don't have a vagina
_______ ______ ________ disorder is when the person shows LITTLE TO NO INTEREST in ANY type of SEXUAL ACTIVITY. HYPOACTIVE SEXUAL DESIRE
In _______ _______ disorders, the person shows LITTLE INTEREST as well as FEAR, DISGUST, and PANIC in response to SEX (related to both CONTACT and THOUGHT). Sexual AVERSION Disorders
In ________ ________ disorders, DESIRE is PRESENT, but the patient has DIFFICULTY becoming AROUSED. Sexual Arousal Disorders
MALE ERECTILE DISORDER increases with _____. What are the STATISTICS? age; 40% of men in 40s, 70% of men in 70s
In ______ _____ ______ disorder, also called "FRIGIDITY," the PREVALENCE is DIFFICULT TO ESTIMATE. FEMALE SEXUAL AROUSAL
______ _______ are more common in WOMEN, and statistics show that only 20% of women achieve orgasms REGULARLY through intercourse. INHIBITED ORGASMS
PREMATURE EJACULATIONS occur in _______ males and occur _______ ___________. younger, before penetration
In ________ _________, ejaculative fluids REENTER the BLADDER. RETROBLADE BLADDER
Two types of SEXUAL PAIN DISORDERS DISPAREUNIA, VAGINISMUS
__________ is a RARE, SEXUAL PAIN disorder where DESIRE, AROUSAL, and ORGASMS are present but SEX IS AVOIDED. DISPAREUNIA
_________ is a SEXUAL PAIN DISORDER where the outer 1/3 of the vagina PAINFULLY SPASMS when trying to have sex. VAGINISMUS
3 Stages of ASSESSING SEXUAL BEHAVIOR Interview, Medical Evaluation, and PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT
How do you conduct a PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL SEXUAL ASSESSMENT? patient watches/listens to arousing material and clinician measures blood flow
BIOLOGICAL Causes of SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION (6) hypertension, heart disease meds, testosterone levels, drug abuse, SSRI's and SNRI's
PSYCHOLOGICAL Causes of Sexual Dysfunction (3?) PERFORMANCE ANXIETY has both COGNITIVE and EMOTIONAL components
SOCIOCULTURAL Causes of SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION (2) EROTOPHOBIA and SCRIPT THEORY
What is EROTOPHOBIA? Learning in early childhood that SEX IS BAD
_______ _______ is guided by EXISTING SEXUAL ________ in the world; plays on the theory that if you think sex is bad, you are more likely to have sexual dysfunction. Script Theory, scripts
3 Approaches to TREATING SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION Education, Exercises, Medical
4 Ways to treat sexual dysfunction through EXERCISES 1) Sensate focus, 2) Nondemand Pleasuring; 3) Squeeze Technique; 4) Masturbation
What does the SQUEEZE TECHNIQUE in treating sexual dysfunction consist of? squeeze base of penis before ejaculation
What does SENSATE FOCUS in treating sexual dysfunction consist of? feeling each other's bodies (no genitals)
What does NONDEMAND PLEASURING in treating sexual dysfunction consist of? sensate focus but with genitals
What kind of MEDICAL TECHNIQUES are used in treating SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION? Drugs (Viagra), and Assistive Devices (VACUUM device, INFLATABLE RODS that can be inserted into a man's penis, etc)
What is PARAPHILIA? Sexual attraction to INAPPROPRIATE PEOPLE or OBJECTS
8 Types of PARAPHILIA Fetishism, Voyeurism, Exhibitionism, Transvestic Fetishism, Sadism, Masochism, Sadistic Rape, Pedophilia
_______ is being aroused by a certain OBJECT or EXPERIENCE. Fetishism
"PEEPING TOM'S" display a type of PARAPHILIA called _________. VOYEURISM
People who become aroused by EXPOSING THEIR BODIES are __________. EXHIBITIONISTS
__________ __________ is being turned on by CROSS DRESSING (like wearing a woman's underwear and bra and being aroused by it). TRANSVESTIC FETISHISM
_________ is being sexually aroused by INFLICTING PAIN/HUMILIATION on others. SADISM
________ is being sexually aroused by having PAIN/HUMILIATION inflicted on THEMSELVES. MASOCHISM
________ _________ is a type of PARAPHILIA that is more common in HOMOSEXUAL MEN. TRANSVESTIC FETISHISM
_______ is a type of PARAPHILIA that occurs when the perp RAPES CHILDREN/YOUNG ADOLESCENTS. PEDOPHILIA
What percentages of both MEN and WOMEN suffered from CSA? 12% of Men and 17% of Women
T/F: We INTENTIONALLY develop PARAPHILIC INTERESTS. FALSE
______ ______ deficits, _________ behaviors, early _________, and strong _________ ________ all contribute to PEDOPHILIA. social skills, OCD, experiences, sexual desires
_______ _________ is a treatment for PEDOPHILIA that involves imagining UNWANTED SEXUAL PROCEDURES, including the CONSEQUENCES (like a NARRATIVE that CHANGES the OUTCOME.) COVERT SENSITIZATION
Do SUCCESSFUL TREATMENTS for PEDOPHILIA exist? yes, but they aren't often used
5 traits of PERSONALITY DISORDERS -Every Illegal Medication Strangely Fails- E-Enduring Patterns; I-Inflexible; M-Maladaptive; S-Subjective Distress; F-Functional Impairment
Why are Personality Disorders on Axis II? (2) 1) CHRONIC and LONG-TERM; 2) Begins in CHILDHOOD and CONTINUES through ADULTHOOD
CLUSTER A is the ______ or _______ cluster that consists of _______, ________, and _________ disorders. ODD, ECCENTRIC, PARANOID, SCHIZOID, SCHIZOTYPAL
CLUSTER B is the _________, ________/________, and _______ cluster that consists of _________, _________, ________, and ___________ disorders. Dramatic, emotional/flat, erratic; antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic
_________ personality disorders don't often use medications. PERVASIVE
How many people have a diagnosable personality disorder? 1 in 10
Patients suffering from ________ PERSONALITY DISORDER are excessively MISTRUSTFUL and SUSPICIOUS, ARGUMENTATIVE and TENSE, and they have a need for AUTONOMY. PARANOID
What causes PARANOID Personality Disorder? UNKNOWN
How do you treat PARANOID Personality Disorder? COGNITIVE THERAPY
Which 3 PERSONALITY DISORDERS fall under CLUSTER A? Paranoid, Schizoid, Schizotypal
________ PERSONALITY DISORDER is known for being the "WOMAN'S ANTISOCIAL." SCHIZOID
*Eating disorder characterized by RECURRENT FOOD REFUSAL, leading to dangerously low BODY WEIGHT anorexia nervosa
Reliable data about normal sexual practices are rare because large-sample ________ surveys are required. random
LARGE-SAMPLE RANDOM SURVEYS are necessary for effective planning of programs to limit ______ and UNWANTED PREGNANCIES. STD's
A recent large-scale survey of sexual behavior showed (LOWER/THE SAME/HIGHER) rates of HOMOSEXUAL behavior in MALES, as compared with earlier data. LOWER
COLLEGE STUDENTS and YOUNG ADULTS engage in alarmingly high rates of ______ ______ sex. high risk
Sexual activity among the ELDERLY is (MORE/LESS) frequent than often believed. MORE
Many more (MEN/WOMEN) report MASTURBATING, perhaps because masturbation is more _________ _________ for them. men, anatomically convenient
(MALES/FEMALES) express a more PERMISSIVE ATTITUDE toward CASUAL SEX. MALES
Females report having had (MORE/FEWER) sexual partners than males and a LOWER FREQUENCY of INTERCOURSE. FEWER
WOMEN tend to desire more ______ and DEMONSTRATED LOVE during sex, while MEN tend to emphasize AROUSAL. INTIMACY
Men and women are moving (TOGETHER/APART) in their ATTITUDES, _______, and SEXUAL BEHAVIORS. together, standards
Today the ABSENCE of sexual _______ is considered a CLINICAL DISORDER. desire
SEXUAL NORMS vary across ________, and there are variations within WESTERN CULTURES. cultures
PREMARITAL sexual behavior is culturally acceptable in approximately (ONE-THIRD/ONE-HALF/TWO-THIRDS) of more than 100 societies surveyed worldwide. 1/2
Recent studies and media interpretations suggest that HOMOSEXUALITY may have a _______ or BIOLOGICAL ETIOLOGY. GENETIC
As with most other complex behavior patterns, it is likely that ________, as well as hereditary _________, plays a POWERFUL ROLE in the development of HETERO- and HOMOSEXUAL ORIENTATIONS. environment, predisposition
Young boys who prefer traditionally "GIRL" activities may grow to feel more different from _________ and thus find them more ________ or attractive. boys, exotic
Identical twins reared in the same home had the same sexual orientation _____% of the time; this is evidence for the contribution of (HEREDITY/ENVIRONMENT/BOTH HEREDITARY AND ENVIRONMENT). 50, BOTH HEREDITARY AND ENVIRONMENT
In one study, reserchers found that each additional _____ ________ was correlated with a 1/3 greater chance of a boy being homosexual. older brother
_______ ________ disorders refer to psychological DISSATISFACTION with one's biological GENDER because it is inconsistent with one's sense of ________. gender identity, identity
In GENDER IDENTITY DISORDER, the goal is NOT SEXUAL but the desire to live life in a manner consistent with the _______ _______. opposite gender
GENDER IDENTITY DISORDER, which is COMMON/RARE and more typical in MALES/FEMALES, differs from INTERSEX individuals or _________ and from the HOMOSEXUAL AROUSAL PATTERS of a male with EFFEMINATE BEHAVIOR or a female with masculine behavior. rare, males, hermaphrodites
Exposure to certain _______ at critical periods in utero may contribute to the etiology, though research is sparse. hormones
Between ages 18 months and ______ years may be a critical period for gender identity development, and learning of gender roles may be influenced. three
Sex _______ surgery is a treatment used only after a trial period of __________. reassignment, living as the desired gender
Sex reassignment surgery involves PHYSICALLY ALTERING an individual's _________ to be consistent with gender identity. anatomy
Current research suggests that the majority of individuals opting for the surgery generally have a (SUCCESSFUL/UNSUCCESSFUL) adjustment. SUCCESSFUL
Some therapists use the psychosocial treatment for the disorder, teaching BEHAVIORS, ________, and even AROUSAL STIMULI to correspond with the client's (IDENTITY/BODY). fantasies, body
Surgery and ________ _________ therapy are the most common treatments for INTERSEXUALITY but recent research suggests that _________ treatments to help people adapt to their anatomy or their emerging gender identity may be more appropriate. hormonal replacement, psychological
_______ ________ are characterized by impairment in ability to become SEXUALLY AROUSED or achieve ORGASM. Sexual dysfunctions
Sexual dysfunction may be lifelong or ________ after normal functioning, and situational or _______ to all attempts. acquired, generalized
The stages of sexual response, (_______, ________, and ________) are each associated with specific dysfunctions. desire, arousal, orgasm
Individuals with _______ ________ disorder associate sexual thoughts and activities with FEAR, PANIC, or DISGUST. Sexual Aversion
For some clients, sexual aversion may be a form of ______ disorder. panic
The sexual arousal disorders are male _______ disorder and female sexual arousal disorder, which can occur even when ______ is strong. erectile, desire
Sexual arousal disorders involve failure to achieve or maintain ERECTION in men and _______ in women. lubrication
Erectile disorder is the most common impairment reported by men, and they are (LIKELY/NOT LIKELY) to seek treatment. LIKELY
Prevalence rates are (EASIER/MORE DIFFICULT) to estimate for female sexual arousal disorder because they are less likely to _________. more difficult, consider it a problem
At the ORGASM end of the sequence, _____ _______ is defined as the frequent inability (never or almost never) to achieve orgasm despite desire and ________. inhibited orgasm, arousal
In men (although rarely reported), INHIBITED AROUSAL is called _________ ejaculation. retarded
The more common orgasm disorder experienced by males is _______ _________. premature ejaculation
The feeling of lack of ______ may be more important than TIMING in defining "PREMATURE." control
PREMATURE EJACULATION is primarily a problem with YOUNGER MEN; _______ _______ is more likely among OLDER MEN. erectile disorder
Sexual pain disorders, also called _______, are characterized by ______ during sexual intercourse even if sexual desire, arousal, and ________ are possible. dyspareunia, pain, orgasm
A more common problem reported by women is _______, or PAINFUL INVOLUNTARY MUSCLE SPASMS in the outer third of the vagina when intercourse is attempted. vaginisms
Clinical ________ of sexual behavior consists of interviewing, medical evaluation, and ________ measurement. assessment, psychophysiological
Clinicians must be sensitive to clients' ________ with discussing sexual issues and possible lack of understanding of clinical terminology. shyness or discomfort
The use of certain drugs, recent surgery and other _______ conditions all may affect sexual functioning. medical
Physiological assessment may include use of a penile _____ _______ for men, or a vaginal __________ for women. strain gauge, photoplethysmograph
Measurement of nocturnal ________ _______ may show whether erection can occur; it CAN/CANNOT rule out medical or psychological causes of erectile problems. penile tumescence, cannot
Sexual problems (ARE/ARE NOT) usually associated with other presenting symptoms. are
neurological diseases and chronic illness (diabetes, _______, and kidney problems) may interfere with sexual functioning. heart
A major physical cause of sexual dysfunction is the use of __________ and antidepressant medications such as Prozac. anti hypertension
Drug and alcohol abuse SUPPRESSES/ENHANCES sexual arousal, and chronic abuse can cause permanent _________ damage and _______ problems. suppresses, neurological, fertility
________ disease, such as ARTIFICIAL INSUFFICIENCY and VENOUS LEAKAGE have been associated with erectile problems in males. Vascular
Psychological causes of sexual dysfunction may include _______, although recent data suggest that anxiety may increase sexual arousal in certain situations. anxiety
Men have been (ABLE/UNABLE) to respond sexually when threatened with shock or physical harm for insufficient erections. able
A cognitive factor with harmful impact seems to be ________. distraction
Males with erectile dysfunction OVER-REPORT/UNDER-REPORT their level of arousal compared to males without a dysfunction. underreport
Changing _________ or affect with music may make a difference in erectile performance. mood
Current theory suggests that people with sexual dysfunctions react to sexual situations with POSITIVE/NEGATIVE affect, become cognitively _________, and fail to achieve _______. negative, distracted, arousal
Psychological theory implicates early learning of a negative _______ set called "EROTOPHOBIA" in the development of sexual disorders. cognitive
Negative or _______ sexual events may also contribute to sexual dysfunction. traumatic
Deterioration in personal relationships and poor ______ skills may also play a role. sexual
Negative sexual _______ or myths that reflect social and cultural expectations are more common in people with dysfunctions. scripts
MOST/FEW sexual dysfunctions include a combo of physical and psychological causes. most
An individual's specific biological _________, such as a tendency to develop _________ anxiety, may interact with psychological factors to produce a dysfunction. predisposition, performance
Because ignorance is a major contributor to sex problems, _______ is often an easy an effective treatment. education
_______ and Johnson revolutionized sex therapy with a brief, direct therapeutic program. Masters
The therapy includes basic education about sexuality and emphasizes increasing __________ and decreasing ________ anxiety. communication, performance
The methods of _____ focus and _______ pleasuring are also used in a gradual program. sensate, non-demand
The success of the Master and Johnson's sex therapy program was LESS THAN/SAME AS/GREATER THAN more recent results, but more successful sex therapies have evolved from these pioneering methods. GREATER THAN
Premature ejaculation can be treated by the _______ technique. squeeze
Female orgasmic disorder can be remedied by training in _______. masturbation
Low sexual desire HAS ALSO/HAS NOT responded to sex therapy. HAS ALSO
Almost all medical treatments for sexual dysfunction are directed at ________ disorder, and many are effective. erectile
One therapy for erectile disorder involves injecting ________ ________ into the penis immediately before intercourse to facilitate erection. vasodilating drugs
Penile _________, or prostheses, with tubes or pumps are surgical alternatives. implants
Also, ________ ________ therapy creates a vacuum that draws AIR/BLOOD/SEMEN into the penis, which is then trapped by placing a ring around the _______ of the penis. vacuum device, blood, base
New oral medications such as ______ have caused enthusiastic initial response, but most such treatments in the past eventually showed _______ effects and _______ results. Viagra, side, disappointing
While sex therapy is often effective, services and _______ _______ are not available in all areas. trained therapists
More attention should be focused on sexuality on ______ people. elderly
A _______ is a disorder that is characterized by sexual arousal toward unconsenting people or toward objects. paraphilia
PARAPHILIA is more common in MALES/FEMALES and it is TYPICAL/UNUSUAL for several to appear in the same person. males, typical
Many people with PARAPHILIAS have COMORBID MOOD, ANXIETY, or _________ _________ disorders. substance abuse
__________ are characterized by sexual attraction to an inanimate object or a source of specific ________ stimulation. Fetishes, tactile
________ refers to observing unsuspecting individuals undressing or naked, in order to become sexually aroused. voyeurism
_______ refers to sexual arousal from exposing one's genitals to unsuspecting ________. exhibition, strangers
EXHIBITIONISTS and VOYEURS usually require MORE/LESS/NO anxiety to heighten arousal. more
In TRANSVESTIC FETISHISM, arousal is associated with the act of ______-________. cross-dressing
TRANSVESTIC FETISHISM is substantially DIFFERENT FROM/SIMILAR TO other fetishes. SIMILAR TO
Sexual _________ involves inflicting pain or humiliation on a sexual partner for sexual arousal. sadism
Sexual ________ involves seeking to suffer pain or humiliation to attain sexual arousal. masochism
A closely related condition is HYPOXIPHILIA, which involves _______-_________ to enhance the sensation of orgasm. self-strangulation
Sadistic rape, not classified as paraphilia, is an assault frequently associated with _______ personality disorder. antisocial
Many rapes are OPPORTUNISTIC; others are ________. VINDICTIVE
In one study, only _______ were aroused by depictions of both consenting and forced sex; some responded similarly to ________ alone. rapists, violence
PEDOPHILIA involves sexual attraction to _______. children
________ occurs when a child victim is a member of the perpetrator's family; the victim here is usually YOUNGER/OLDER than victims of a pedophile. incest, older
Most child molesters ARE/ARE NOT physically abusive and do not believe that their actions are harmful for the child. ARE NOT
PARAPHILIA was thought to be totally absent in women, but recent estimates suggest that approximately ____-_____% of all sexual offenders are women. 5-10
Early experience and the nature of an individual's sexual ______ may play a role in the development of DEVIANT PATTERNS. fantasies
According to an OPERANT CONDITIONING PARADIGM, deviant sexual behavior is reinforced through association with _______. pleasure
Different rates of __________ may account for why MALES/FEMALES show more PARAPHILIAS. masturbation, males
Trying to suppress UNWANTED FANTASIES seem to _______ their intensity. increase
Sometimes the presenting client does not know the actual source of arousal, so careful ________ is necessary. assessment
Appropriate SOCIAL and _______ skills are also examined. relationship
Psychological treatment to decrease deviant sexual arousal often utilizes a ________ approach to modify associations from pleasurable to neutral. behavioral
Covert ________ achieves decreasing relationship between pleasure and deviant behavior by associating arousing _______ and the behaviors that led to intervention with negative _________. images, consequences
In orgasmic _________, patients are instructed to masturbate to their usual fantasies but to replace them with a more desirable fantasy just before orgasms. reconditioning
While many deviant sexual therapy treatments yield success, results are poorest for ______ and people with multiple _______. rapists, paraphilias
________ _________ treatment provides patients with coping skills and teaches them to recognize early signs of temptation in order to prevent relapses. relapse prevention
Medical treatment for paraphilics involves drugs such as anti-androgens and hormonal agents that reduce ________ levels, bit only while they are being taken. testosterone
Without treatment, paraphilias are _______ and recurrent. chronic
Treatment of individuals with deviant sexual behaviors appears promising, but _________ are not widely available. well-trained therapists
Gender ________, boys behaving in feminine ways and girls behaving in masculine ways, has gained renewed attention recently. non-conformity
Whether _________ should be instituted to bring the children's behavior more into line with their biological sex is being hotly debated. interventions
_______ Personality Disorder is known for being DETACHED from RELATIONSHIPS, having LIMITED EMOTIONS, and preferring SOLITARY activities. SCHIZOID
Two possible causes for SCHIZOID Personality Disorder 1) Abused/neglected as a child; 2) SHYNESS
How do you treat SCHIZOID? There is NO EFFECTIVE TREATMENT for Schizoid, although you can try to teach them that RELATIONSHIPS ARE VALUABLE
People with _________ personality disorder have ODD BEHAVIOR and THOUGHT PATTERNS, SUSPICIOUS, UNUSUAL behavior (ISOLATED), strange ideas of reference, and MAGICAL THINKING. SCHIZOTYPAL
Causes of SCHIZOTYPAL personality disorder (2) HERITABLE, some type of BRAIN ABNORMALITIES
What kind of TREATMENT is used for SCHIZOTYPAL? Treatment alleviates DEPRESSED MOOD, but it doesn't take away odd beliefs or paranoia, etc
7 Criteria for ANTISOCIAL 1) Doesn't comply with SOCIAL NORMS; 2) Violates OTHERS' RIGHTS; 3) SELFISH/GUILTLESS; 4) Lacks CONSCIENCE/EMPATHY; 5) MANIPULATIVE/CHARMING; 6) High rates of SUBSTANCE ABUSE, 7) Must be 18 and diagnosed with adverse behavior (like juvy)
Two good examples of ANTISOCIAL DISORDER are _____ _______ and _______ ______. Charles Manson, Richard Kuklinski
When it comes to ANTISOCIAL DISORDER, the DSM diagnosis falls short because it only relies on __________ behaviors. OBSERVABLE
How is PSYCHOPATHY different from ANTISOCIAL DISORDER? (4) 1) More SEVERE, 2) Diagnosis based on PERSONALITY TRAITS instead of OBSERVABLE BEHAVIORS; 3) < rates of RECIDIVISM; 4) Not all criminals are PSYCHOPATHIC
What is RECIDIVISM? habitual relapse into crime
Possible cause of ANTISOCIAL DISORDER nonsexual AROUSAL THEORIES; Antisocial's aren't excited by normal stimulations like roller coasters
Is ANTISOCIAL DISORDER more common in MEN or WOMEN? MEN
Treatment for ANTISOCIAL doesn't exist
Which PERSONALITY DISORDER is highly COMORBID with other mood disorders and is one of the MOST COMMON PD'S? BORDERLINE
Which personality disorder is characterized by UNSTABLE MOODS/RELATIONSHIPS, IMPULSIVENESS, SELF-HARM/SUICIDAL behaviors, EMOTIONAL INSTABILITY, poor SELF-IMAGE, and feelings of EMPTINESS? BORDERLINE
_______ personality disorder patients tend to IMPROVE during their 30's and 40's. BORDERLINE
Which personality disorder is ALMOST ALWAYS accompanied by CSA, which explains why patients are afraid people won't care about them? BORDERLINE
3 Causes of BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER 1) Genetics-SEROTONIN dysfunction; 2) ENVIRONMENTAL factors; 3) High rates of PHYSICAL and SEXUAL abuse
How does PHYSICAL and SEXUAL ABUSE related to BORDERLINE DISORDER? Can result in problems with EMOTIONAL EXPRESSION/THOUGHTS
2 Effective Treatments for BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER 1) DIALECTICAL BEHAVIOR THERAPY (DET), and 2) THERAPIST/CLIENT DYNAMICS
T/F: Borderline patients often SEEK TREATMENT. TRUE
What is DIALECTICAL BEHAVIOR THERAPY? Teaching clients how to REGULATE EMOTIONS
_______ personality disorder patients always spend WAY TOO MUCH $$$!!! BORDERLINE
Which personality disorder is characterized by being VAIN/SELF-CENTERED, excessive EMOTIONALITY, is ATTENTION-SEEKING, constantly seeks APPROVAL & REASSURANCE, is THEATRICAL, and pays a lot of attention to DRESS/MAKEUP? HISTRIONIC
What are the CAUSES/TREATMENT of HISTRIONIC disorder? UNKNOWN
Is HISTRIONIC disorder largely diagnosed in MALES or FEMALES? females
Which personality disorder is SELF-IMPORTANT, ATTENTION-SEEKING, lacks SENSITIVITY and COMPASSION, demands SPECIAL ATTENTION, GRANDIOSITY, shows LITTLE EMPATHY, and is ENVIOUS and ARROGANT? NARCISSISM
Two causes of NARCISSISM? The "ME" Generation, and failure to SHOW EMPATHY
Treatment of NARCISSISM focuses on _________ and _________. hypersensitivity, depression
Created by: kmabry
 

 



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