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Ch 29 Terms
Ch 29 terms and definitions & OTC drugs
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Analgesics | Not + pain, drugs that relieve pain. Ex: acetaminophen (Tylenol). |
| Anti-inflammatory | A drug that reduces swelling. Ex: naproxen (Aleve), ibuprofen (Advil), Aspirin. |
| Antipyretics | Not + fire, drugs that reduce fever. Ex: diphenhydramine (Benadryl Allergy), chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton) |
| Antitussive | Not + cough, a drug that can decrease the coughing reflex. Ex: dextromethorphan (Delsym) |
| Behind-the-Counter drug | A nonprescription medication kept "behind the [prescription] counter" that patients must buy at a pharmacy. |
| Circadian rhythms | The 24-hour cycles of regular biological changes. In pharmacology, this often involves medications affecting sleep/wake cycles. |
| Expectorants | Chemicals that loosen and thin sputum and bronchial secretions. Ex: guaifenesin (Mucinex). |
| Legend drugs | Medications that need a prescription. |
| Nutraceutical | A food or supplement with added health benefits. |
| Over-the-Counter (OTC) Drugs | Nonprescription medicines generally found outside the secure part of the pharmacy. |
| Pruritus | An itch. |
| Federal Register | publishes the OTC drug monographs and outlines acceptable ingredients, dosages, formulas, and labeling. |
| NDA | New drug application. |
| GRASE | Generally Recognized as Safe and Effective. |
| Antihistamines | Drugs that treat allergy. |
| NIH | National Institutes of Health. |
| Acne Products | Pimples |
| Antacids | Neutralizes existing stomach acid. calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide increases stomach's pH level in a few minutes to reduce heartburn (works best). |
| Antibiotics | Topical infection treatment/prophylaxis |
| Antidiarrheals | Diarrhea |
| Antifungals | Dry, flaking skin and pain caused by fungus |
| Laxatives | Constipation |
| Sleep aids | Insomnia ex: melatonin; is an endogenous hormone. |
| H-2 Blockers | Block the action of histamine that causes secretion of stomach acid. Blocks H-2 receptors, reduce gastric acid, and improve hyperacidic states. famotidine and ranitidine |
| Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPI's) | Inactivate the acid pumps throughout cells in the stomach. Decreases gastric acid. |
| Bulk-forming agent | treats constipation and diarrhea. ex: psyllium |
| GERD | Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. |
| Oxybutynin | (Oxytrol For Women) is an anticholinergic patch to treat overactive bladder. |
| NSAID's | Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs Common side effect: Increased blood pressure. |
| Antioxidants | Bind to free radicals that are responsible for damage to cells and tissues inside body. Mains are A, C, E |
| Water soluble vitamins | B complex, C Excreted in the urine |
| Fat-soluble vitamins | A, D, E, K Stored in the lipids of cell/fat, and liver |
| Vitamin A | beta carotene or retinol functions: Visual pigment for rods in retina of eye. Protects against cancer in skin, respiratory and digestive tracts, bladder, breast. Stimulates immune system to fight against infections. |
| Hypervitaminosis A | Symptoms: headache, vomiting, skin peeling, loss of appetite, irritability, wasting away of bone mass Fatal cases: destruction of the liver Birth defects: mother ingests large amounts of Vitamin A during first 3 months of pregnancy |
| Vitamin D | Cholecalciferol (D3): produced by skin in UV light Ergocalciferol (D2): result of UV radiation on yeast ergosterol found in bread and milk Calciferol converts to calcitriol in kidney Calcitriol—increases phosphorus absorption and calcium intake |
| Hypervitaminosis D | can cause hypercalcemia (higher than normal calcium blood levels). Toxic effects include muscle weakness or pain Toxic effects include: calcium deposits, convulsions, even death. Drug interactions include: digitalis, thiazide diuretics, mineral oil. |
| Vitamin E | Essential for normal metabolism and protection of skin, eyes, tissues, muscles Protects red blood cells from damage Mineral oil can also decrease the absorption of vitamin E. |
| Vitamin K | Phytonadione Forms blood coagulation (clotting) factors Counteracts with Warfarin |
| Vitamin B | Enables cellular functioning of body system. |
| Vitamin B1 (coenzyme) | Thiamine is important for maintenance of body system, carbohydrate metabolism, well-being of nervous and cardiovascular system. |
| Vitamin B2 (coenzyme) | Riboflavin is important for metabolism of carbohydrates, proper growth and maintenance of the body. |
| Vitamin B3 (coenzyme) | Nicotinic acid (niacin) used in tissue respiration and metabolism, reduces low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), releases histamine and causes vasodilation, necessary for lipid metabolism, proper nerve functioning, maintenance of cells. Deficiency: pellegra |
| Vitamin B5 (coenzyme) | Pantothenic acid affects body metabolism, used to synthesize fatty acids, steroid hormones, molecules for carbohydrate and protein processes. |
| Vitamin B6 | Pyridoxine for metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, fats in diet Absorption of B12, production of amino acids Agents that may cause pyridoxine deficiency include penicillamine and isoniazid. |
| Vitamin B7 | Biotin is important for activities of enzymes, breaks down fatty acids and carbohydrates to convert them into energy. |
| Vitamin B9 (coenzyme) | Folic acid is essential for DNA synthesis and creation of cells with high growth turnover (bone marrow, white blood cells). |
| Vitamin B12 (coenzyme) | Cyanocobalamin is obtained from dietary intake Required for red blood cell and myelin sheath production, synthesis of nucleic acids. |
| Vitamin C | Ascorbic acid, antioxidant, and for formation of connective tissue found in bones, teeth, gums, aids in healing wounds. |
| Essential Minerals | Calcium (Ca), Potassium (K), Sodium (Na), Magnesium (Mg), Chloride (Cl), Phosphorus (P). |
| Trace Elements | Manganese (Mn), Zinc (Zn), Iodine (I), Cobalt (Co), Copper (Cu), Selenium (Se) |
| Essential Vitamins | A, B, C, D, E |
| Decongestant | Reduces/relieves congestion (nasal) sinus congestion. Ex: Sudafed (pseudoephedrine) |
| Non-narcotic Analgesics | non-addictive pain medication. |
| 4 reasons patients use OTC | Accessibility Affordability Trust Empowerment |
| Oxybutynin | For women who have an overactive bladder. Patch form OTC A anticholinergic that causes side effects such as dry mouth or constipation. |
| Psyllium | bulk-forming agent that treats constipation and diarrhea. "bowel stabilizer". |
Created by:
Yari06
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