Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
A&P Exam 3
Trewin A&P Exam 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the functions of the cell membrane? | Contains contents of a cell, control permeability, monitor extracellular environment, structural support, and establishes a membrane potential |
| What is Glycerol? | A linking molecule that helps to keep the Phosphate Head and Fatty Acid Tail together |
| What is the Phosphate Head? | A polar molecule that shows hydrophilic properties |
| What is the Fatty Acid Tail? | A non polar molecule that shows hydrophobic properties |
| What is the Phospholipid Bilayer? | An arrangement that minimizes hydrophobic/philic interactions |
| What is the Fluid Mosaic Model? | A trait that helps phospholipids move freely within the membrane (though some molecule movement are limited) |
| What is Cholesterol and what are its functions? | A molecule that helps to fill the gaps between the fatty acid tails; permeability to water and fluidity |
| What is the structure of Membrane Proteins? | Embedded within - Integral Attatched to - Peripheral |
| What is the function of Membrane Proteins? | Anchoring Proteins, transport proteins/molecules, receptors, enzymes, and recognition proteins |
| What does the Cell Membrane do? | Regulates what enters/exits (selectively permeable), can restrict based on size, charge, shape and lipid solubility |
| How can you tell if a phospholipid is saturated or unsaturated? | If there is a kink, it is unsaturated |
| Why are cells typically small? | They are limited by how quickly stuff can exit/enter through cell membrane and how quickly stuff can move around cytoplasm |
| How is cell size limited by surface area? | As cell size increases so does both volume and surface area, and limiting the rate materials can move across the cell membrane |
| What is Passive Transport? | Molecules move down concentration gradient while using no energy |
| What is Active Transport? | Molecules move against concentration gradient while using energy and integral protein channel |
| What is Diffusion? | A type of passive transportation that moves particles down a concentration gradient due to thermal energy |
| What is Osmosis? | A type of passive transportation that diffuses water across a membrane |
| What is Facilitated Diffusion? | A type of passive transportation that uses integral protein channel to diffuse across the membrane using thermal energy |
| What is Brownian Movement? | Molecules in constant movement due to thermal energy |
| What is Solute? | Anything dissolved into solution (Sugar) |
| What is Solvent? | What Solute is dissolved in (Water) |
| What is the rate of Diffusion dependent on? | Temperature, concentration gradient, steepness, molecular size, electrical gradient and pressure gradient |
| What is Equilibrium? | When Osmotic pressure is equal and opposite to Hydrostatic pressure |
| What is Simple Diffusion? | Diffusion across a membrane of molecules into an equilibrium state |
| What is Tonicity? | Related to solute concentrations of 2 fluids - Helps to predict the movement of water |
| What is Osmotic Pressure? | A pulling pressure due to non-diffusible solutes |
| What is an Isotonic Solution? | Same solute concentration between two sides of a membrane |
| What is an Hypertonic Solution? | High solute concentration and low water concentration |
| What is an Hypotonic Solution? | Low solute concentration and high water concentration |
| What is the general rule for movement of water? | Water tends to move from hypotonic solution to hypertonic solution |
| What is Hydrostatic Pressure? | Pushing pressure due to a volume of fluid |
| What is Crenation? | Shrinkage |
| What is Hemolysis? | Blood bursting |
| How does tonicity affect Hypotonic solution? | Net movement goes into blood; Inflates RBCs |
| How does tonicity affect Hypertonic solution? | Net movement goes outward; Shrinks RBCs |
| How does tonicity affect Isotonic solution? | No net gain in either direction |
| What are 2 of the common molecules of active transport? | Na/K Pump and Ca Pump |
| How much of the energy supply to cells is used to maintain gradients? | 40% |
| What is Vesicular Transport? | Membrane bound structures inside the cell, that help to move molecules between specific enclosed compartments |
| What is Exocytosis? | Putting molecules outside of the membrane |
| What is Endocytosis? | Taking in matter by engulfing |
| What are the 2 types of Endocytosis? | Pinocytosis and Phagocytosis |
| What is Pinocytosis | A type of Endocytosis, usually called cell drinking |
| What is Phagocytosis? | A type of Endocytosis, usually called cell eating |
| What is Receptor Mediated Pinocytosis? | After engulfing, receptors bound to that area respond and close the area (No ATP) |
| What is a positive trait of the Active Transport mechanism? | It helps to maintain concentration gradient |
| What are the functions of the Nervous System? | Communication, Coordination, and Control |
| What does the Sensory function do? | Has receptors that gather information, and can be modified neurons/epithelium |
| What does the Integration function do? What are some other important functions? | Brain + Spinal Cord make decisions based on information gathered; Memory, Intelligence, Learning, and Emotion |
| What does the Motor function do? | Send instructions |
| What parts are the Central Nervous System (CNS) and what is it responsible for? | Brain + Spinal Cord; Integration |
| What parts are the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) made of and what is it responsible for? | Spinal nerve + branches and Cranial nerve + branches; Sensory and Motor |
| How many pairs of Spinal nerves are in the body? | 31 Pairs |
| How many pairs of Cranial nerves are in the body? | 12 Pairs |
| What are components of the Sensory function? | Neurological activity towards the CNS, and Afferent |
| What are components of the Motor function? | Neurological activity away from CNS and Efferent |
| What is the Somatic Sensory function? | Gathers information from skin and skeletal muscle to brain |
| What is the Visceral Sensory function? | Gathers information from organs to brain |
| What is the Special Sensory function? | Gathers information from senses to brain |
| What is the Somatic Motor function? | Voluntary control of the skeletal muscles |
| What is the Autonomic Nervous System? | A system that controls involuntary processes |
| What is the Enteric Nervous System? | Nerves that help to regulate the gut and digestion within digestive tract |
| What is the function of the Sympathetic Nervous System? | The fight or flight response system which primes skeletal muscle and other parts of the body for danger response |
| What is the function of the Parasympathetic Nervous System? | The relaxing effect that helps to rest, digest, and repair |
| What is the Neurotransmitter for SNS? | Norepinephrine |
| What is the Neurotransmitter for PNS? | Acetylcholine |
| What are the characteristics of Neurons? | Amitotic, Longevity, High metabolic rate, Excitable, Conductive, and Secretory |
| What is an Action Potential? | Rapid reversal of electrical potential across cell membrane |
| What are Neurons? | The basic functional unit of the nervous system that send and receive signals |
| What are Neuroglia? | Spots near the neurons that support and protect the neuron. These are non-excitable for protection and mitotic. |
| What are the parts of a Neuron? | Dendrites, Cell Body (Soma), Axon, and Telodendria |
| What are Dendrites? | A way to grow surface area, and have spines (Dendritic Spines) also grow further from the dendrites |
| What is the Cell Body? | The main body of the neuron, also called the Perikaryon; Houses the Nissl Bodies (Ribosomes) |
| What is the Axon Hillock? | The bottom part of the Cell Body, connecting to the Axon; Generate the action potential |
| What are the Axon Collaterals? | The large branches of the Neurons |
| What are the Telodendrion? | The branches that come off of the end of neurons |
| What are the Synaptic Knobs (Terminal Boutons)? | The end of the Telodendrion, usually rounded knobs |
| What is a Chemical Synapse? | A way for neurons to communicate to a different cell type |
| What is the Presynaptic Cell? What is present here? | Neuron that sends the message through the Terminal Boutons; Synaptic Vesicles with neurotransmitter are present |
| What is the Synaptic Cleft? | The gap between the Post/Presynaptic Cells, this is where the neurotransmitter diffuses across the gap for communication |
| What is the Postsynaptic Cell? What can be said about transmitter activity? | What gets communicated with when the neurotransmitter passes over the Cleft; There needs to be enough receptors to change the cell activity |
| What is a Tract? | Bundle of myelinated axons in CNS |
| What is a Nerve? | Bundle of myelinated axons in PNS |
| What is a Nucleus? | Many unmyelinated axons in CNS |
| What is a Ganglion? | Many unmyelinated axons in PNS |
| What is the classification of Anaxonic? Where is this located? | Neurons with no axon or extensions other than dendrites ; Brain |
| What is the classification of Unipolar? Where is this located? | Neurons with the cell body to one side ; Sensory areas for CNS |
| What is the classification of Bipolar? Where is this located? | Axon and dendrite attatched to cell body ; Eyes and Ears |
| What is the classification of Multipolar? Where is this located? | Many dendrites with one axon ; Motor Neurons |
| What are key traits of the Sensory neurons? | Send sensory information to CNS, Mostly unipolar, and monitoring environment |
| What are the key traits of the Motor neurons? | Sending instructions to effectors, and usually multipolar |
| What are the key traits of the Interneuron neurons? | Neurons go between other neurons, coordination of activity, and found in the CNS |
| What does Afferent mean? | Neurons that carry information towards the CNS |
| What does Efferent mean? | Neurons that carry information away from the CNS |
| How many types of Neuroglia are there for the CNS? For the PNS? | 4 Types for CNS; 2 Types for PNS |
| What is an Astrocyte and what are its functions? | Large star shaped cell body with many processes; Maintain blood-brain barrier control interstitial environment, Create framework for CNS, Guide neuron environment, and Repair damaged neural tissue |
| What is an Oligodendrocyte and what are its functions? | Long processes that wrap around axons; Layers the nerve fibers to help speed up and create Action Potentials |
| What is an Microglia and what are its functions? | Small cells that do many processes; Phagocytosis for infections, and migrate through neural tissue |
| What is an Ependymal Cell and what are its functions? | Cavities within, usually Brain and Spinal Cord located; Forms Ependyma and circulates/produces cerebral spinal fluid |
| What is Multiple Sclerosis? | Demyelinating disease of CNS |
| What is special about Microglia and where they're located? | They can differentiate depending on where they are located |
| What is the Choroid Plexus? | Tufts of capillaries |
| What are the 2 layers of the Blood-Brain barrier? | 1. Astrocyte processes line Capillaries 2. Capillary Epithelium |
| What is White Matter? | Regions of the CNS with many myelinated axons, colored characteristically by fats |
| What is Grey Matter? | An increased number of ribosomes/cell bodies/unmyelinated axons |
| What is a Node and what does it do? | Spaces in the axon where ions can cross, action potentials can be generated, and saltatory (abrupt) conjunction |
| What is a Schwann's Cell and what does it do? | A kind of neuroglia found in the CNS, cells that wrap many times around the axon and produce the myelin sheath, prevents ions from crossing axon cell membrane, does phagocytosis, and forms Neurilemma |
| What is a Graded Potential and what is its purpose? | A small electrical change that decide if an action potential will happen |
| What is a Axon Terminal and what is its purpose? | Where neurotransmitters travel to when sending a message from a neuron to someplace else |
| What is an Axon? | The long, usually myelinated part of the neuron and send instructions in the form of an action potential |
| What are the Cervical and Lumbar enlargements purpose? | Limb movement in those areas |
| What is the C1-C8 name? | Cervical |
| What is the T1-T12 name? | Thoracic |
| What is the L1-L5 name? | Lumbar |
| What is the S1-S5 name? | Sacral |
| What is the CO1 name? | Coccygeal |
| Where is the Cervical Plexus? | C1-C5 |
| Where is the Brachial Plexus? | C6-T1 |
| Where is the Lumbar Plexus? | L3-S1 |
| Where is the Sacral Plexus? | S2-S5 |
| Where is the Filum Terminale and what does it look like? | L1-L2, Strand of connective tissue that anchors spine to coccyx in a longitude direction |
| Where is the Conus Medullaris and what does it look like? | Ends at L1, Tapered end of spinal cord |
| Where is the Cauda Equina and what does it look like? | L1-CO1, Collection of spinal nerves |
| What is the Dura Mater? | A layer of the CNS, made of dense irregular connective tissue (3rd Layer) |
| What is the Pia Mater? | A layer of the CNS, made of loose connective tissue and adheres directly to the surface (1st Layer) |
| What is the Arachnoid Mater? | A layer of the CNS, loose connective tissue that fits loosely and look like web-like strands, connecting to Pia Mater (2nd Layer) |
| What is the Subarachnoid space? | An area filled with Cerebral Spinal Fluid (1 1/2 Layers) |
| What are Meninges? | Connective tissue coverings of central nervous tissue |
| What are the Leptomeninges? | The inner portion of your meninges |
| What is the Central Canal? | A small hole in the center of the vertebrae, filled with Cerebral Spinal Fluid |
| What is the Median Fissure? | A large separation in the back of the spinal cord |
| What is the Posterior Median? | A smaller separation in the front of the spinal cord |
| What is the Dorsal Root Ganglion? What type of neurons does it hold? | A large bulb like structure in the spinal cord; Houses sensory neurons |
| What is the Denticulate Ligament? | Connective tissue strand that anchors spinal cord on sides, and limits twisting movement |
| What is the Epidural Space? | Between Dura Mater and Bone packed with fat for padding |
| What is the Posterior Finiculus? | The 'frontal' area of the white matter (Posterior Median) |
| What is the Lateral Finiculus? | The side area of the white matter |
| What is the Anterior Funiculus? | The 'rear' area of the white matter (Median Fissure) |
| What is the Dorsal Grey Horn? | The largest of the Horns - Holds sensory neurons |
| What is the Ventral Grey Horn? | The widest of the Horns - Holds motor neurons that are innovating skeletal muscle |
| What is the Lateral Grey Horn? | The middle of the Horns - Holds motor neurons that are innovating visceral organs |
| What is the Grey Commissure? | The small strip that holds the two grey areas together in the spinal cord; Helps axon connection from reaching both sides |
| What are the open spaces in the Brain? | Lateral Ventricles, Interventricular Foramen of Monro, 3rd Ventricle, 4th Ventricle, Cerebral Aqueduct of Sylvius, Central Canal, Medial and Lateral Apertures and Subarachnoid Space |
| What are the functions of Cerebral Spinal Fluid? | Chemical Stability, helps to float the Brain, and acts like a cushion for the Brain |
| What is Hydrocephalus? | Cerebral Spinal Fluid is not absorbed properly and the Brain is compressed and gets damaged |
| What is the Arachnoid Villi and where is it located? | Finger-like projections of the arachnoid membrane that extend into the Dural Sinus; deep to Dural Sinus and superficial to Brain |
| What is the Dural Sinus and where is it located? | Cerebral Spinal Fluid delivered via Arachnoid Villi to Dural Sinus; The large colored space, deep to Skull and superficial to Arachnoid Villi |
| What is the Jugular Veins? | A part of the Cardiovascular system that returns the Cerebral Spinal Fluid to the blood |
| What does the Schwann cell form, what does that do and where is it present? | It forms the Neurilemma; A sheath made deeper in the axon, constructed of cytoplasm and nucleus (present in myelinated and unmyelinated axons) |
| What is present in Phagocytosis in Schwann cells? | Macrophages and Neurilemma; Schwann Cells also make chemicals to help grow neuron back correctly |
| What are Satellite Cells and what are their function? | A neuroglia in the PNS; Surround cell body within ganglion, regulate environment around neuron, chemical stability, and removal of debris |
| What is a Epineurium and what tissue type is it made of? | Covers entire nerve; Dense Irregular Connective Tissue |
| What is a Perineurium? | Portions of Epineurium that penetrate the nerve and divide it into fascicles |
| What is a Endoneurium? | Portions of Perineurium that penetrate the fascicle and separate individual axons |
| What are the 3 bulges in the Brain for development? | Forebrain, Midbrain, Hindbrain |
| What is the Gyri? | Hills or Peaks of the Brain |
| What is the Sulci? | Indents in the Brain |
| What is the Longitudinal Fissue? | The large physical divide in the brain that separates the hemispheres |
| What is the Central Sulcus? | A line that divides that Brain from the front and back |
| What is the Lateral Sulcus? | A line that divides the Brain laterally (near the Temporal Lobe) |
| What does the Cerebrum do? Where is it located? | Does consciousness, memories, and reasoning; Main part of the Brain, excluding brain stem and cerebellum |
| What does the Frontal Lobe do? Where is it located? | Thought processing, memory, and motor control of speech; Front part of the brain, towards eyes |
| What is the Precentral Gyrus? What part of the Brain is it in? | The primary motor cortex that initiates skeletal muscle activity; Frontal Lobe |
| What is the Parietal Lobe? Where is it located? | Integrates sensory information to create the human experience; Located behind Frontal Lobe and in front of Occipital Lobe |
| What is the Postcentral Gyrus? What part of the Brain is it in? | The primary sensory association area; Parietal Lobe |
| What does the Occipital Lobe do? What part of the Brain is it in? | Visual Processing; The very back of the Brain |
| What does the Temporal Lobe do? What part of the Brain is it in? | Auditory Processing; The lower portion of the Brain, near the stem |
| What is the Corpus Collosum? Where is it located? | A part used to relay information between the two hemispheres; The large smooth area inside the Brain, above the stem |
| Where is the Cerebral Cortex? What is it responsible for? | The outermost layer of the Cerebrum; Consciousness |
| Where is the Basal Nuclei/Ganglia? What is it responsible for? | A curved up structure near the Thalamus; Subconscious control |
| What are Association Fibers? | Fibers that communicate between a hemisphere |
| What are Commissural Fibers? | Fibers that communicate between hemispheres |
| What are Projection Fibers? | Fibers that communicate the Cerebrum and other parts |
| What is the Diencephalon? Where is it? What parts make it up? | A forebrain part; Located below the Corpus Collosum and above Midbrain; Hypothalamus and Thalamus |
| What is the Thalamus? Where is it located? | A part that relays information between Brain Stem and Cerebrum and sorts sensory information; Deeper in the brain, above midbrain |
| What is the Hypothalamus? Where is it located? | Modulates pituitary function (Master Gland), and helps autonomic functions like digestion, body temp and heart activity; |
| What is the Midbrain? Where is it located? | A part that relays between Brain Stem and Thalamus + Coordinates Smooth Skeletal muscle activity; First part of Brain Stem |
| What does the Metencephalon consist of? | Pons and Cerebellum |
| What is the Pons? Where is it located? | Relay between Brain Stem and Cerebellum + Relay between Midbrain and Medulla Oblongata; The large bulge in Brain Stem |
| What is the Cerebellum? Where is it located? | Coordination, Balance, Equilibrium; Large branched structure behind the Brain Stem |
| What is the Medulla Oblongata? Where is it located? | Relays between Spinal Cord, Axon crossover from right and left side, and visceral autonomic center; Last part of the Brain Stem before Spinal Cord |
| What centers are included in the Visceral Autonomic Center? | Cardiac, Respiratory, and Vasomotor |
| What is the Olfactory Nerve, its category and what is its roman numeral? | Smell Nerve, Sensory, I |
| What is the Optic Nerve, its category and what is its roman numeral? | Vision Nerve, Sensory, II |
| What is the Oculomotor Nerve, its category and what is its roman numeral? | Eye Movement, Motor, III |
| What is the Trochlear Nerve, its category and what is its roman numeral? | Eye Movement, Motor, IV |
| What is the Trigeminal Nerve, its category and what is its roman numeral? | Mouth/Tongue Movement + Facial (sensory), Mixed, V |
| What is the Abducens Nerve, its category and what is its roman numeral? | Eye Movement, Motor, VI |
| What is the Facial Nerve, its category and what is its roman numeral? | Facial Expression/Sensation + Taste-Anterior 2/3, Mixed, VII |
| What is the Vestibulocochlear Nerve, its category and what is its roman numeral? | Balance + Hearing, Sensory, VIII |
| What is the Glossopharyngeal Nerve, its category and what is its roman numeral? | Taste + Swallowing, Mixed, IX |
| What is the Vagus Nerve, its category and what is its roman numeral? | Swallowing + Phonation + Visceral Muscles, Mixed, X |
| What is the Spinal Accessory Nerve, its category and what is its roman numeral? | Head and Neck, Motor, XI |
| What is the Hypoglossal Nerve, its category and what is its roman numeral? | Tongue, Motor, XII |
| What are the types of receptors and what do they sense? | Nociceptor (Pain), Thermoreceptors (Temp), Mechanoreceptors (Physical distortion), Chemoreceptors (Chemical), and Photoreceptors (Light) |
| What are the special senses handled by the brain and what receptors feel for them? | Hearing and Equilibrium (Mechano), Vision (Photo), Olfaction and Gustation (Chemo) |
| What is contained in the External/Outer Ear? | Auricle, External Auditory Meatus, and Tympanic Membrane |
| What is the Auricle and what function does it serve? | A flap of Elastic Cartilage which helps to protect the opening to the ear and give directional sensitivity |
| What is the Auditory Meatus and what function does it serve? | The canal leading to the inner part of the ear which helps to direct soundwaves and to stop foreign objects from going inside |
| What is the Tympanic Membrane and what function does it serve? | A thin transparent sheet that transmits sound from the outer to the inner ear by vibrations |
| What is Cauliflower Ear? | Damage to the outer ear's cartilage, which leads to swelling and toughness |
| What is External Otitis? | When water gets trapped by earwax in the outer ear; commonly called swimmers ear |
| What is contained in the Middle Ear? | Auditory Ossicles, Malleus, Incus, and Stapes |
| What are the Auditory Ossicles and what function do they serve? | Tiny bones in the inner ear that help to amplify sounds (Incus, Malleus, and Stapes) |
| What is the Malleus and what function does it serve? | A small bone in the inner ear that helps to transfer sound from the Tympanic Membrane to the inner ear |
| What is the Incus and what function does it serve? | A small bone in the inner ear that helps to transfer sound from the Malleus to the inner ear |
| What is the Stapes and what function does it serve? | A small bone in the inner ear that helps to transfer sound from the Incus to the inner ear |
| Where is the Tensor Tympani Muscle and what function does it serve? | Attached to the Malleus; Pulls to stiffen the Tympanic Membrane to help cease sound |
| Where is the Stapedius Muscle and what function does it serve? | Near the Stapes and Oval Window; Pulls on stapes to stiffen the Oval Window |
| What is the Eustachian Tube and what function does it serve? | An auditory tube that connects the middle ear to the throat and helps to equalize pressure in ears (usually by swallowing) |
| What is the Oval Window and what function does it serve? | A membrane that separates the middle and inner ear, helps to move vibrations from stapes and convert to fluid waves |
| What is a Tympanostomy? | When a tube is inserted into an ear for someone who may experience ear infections frequently |
| What is Otitis Media and where does it occur? | An infection of the middle ear, usually caused by allergies, viruses, or bacteria |
| What is contained in the Inner Ear? | Oval Window, Semicircular Canals, Vestibule, Cochlea, and Round Window |
| What is the Semicircular Canal and what is its purpose? | A collection of canals that collect information about rotational acceleration |
| What is the Vestibule and what is its purpose? | The bulge before the Cochlea that collect information about head position and linear acceleration |
| What is the Cochlea and what is its purpose? | A membranous canal that helps to give sensory information |
| What is the Round Window and what is its purpose? | A spot below the round window that helps to dissipate sound |
| Where/What is the Boney Labyrinth and what fluid does it contain? | The outer portion of the cochlea, used for mechanical protection and transferring sound deeper; filled with Perilymph |
| Where/What is the Membranous Labyrinth and what fluid does it contain? | The inner portion of the cochlea, used for gaining sensory information from the Boney Labyrinth; filled with Endolymph |
| Hair cells contain 3 key components, what are they? | Mechanoreceptors, Stereocilia, Kinocilium |
| What are Stereocilia and what function does it serve? | Long microvilli on hair cells that gather information |
| What are Kinocilia and what function does it serve? | The longest microvilli within the stereocilia on the hair cell, help to determine sensory information |
| What are important factors about Stereocilia function? | How much external force, the strength of force, where the force may be coming from; These all affect the rate of Action Potentials |
| Where is the Scala Vestibule? What fluid is it filled with? | The larger area above the Organ of Corti; filled with Perilymph |
| Where is the Vestibular Membrane? | The membrane that separates the Scala vestibule and Cochlear duct |
| Where is the Cochlear Duct? What fluid is it filled with? | The smaller area marked by membrane above the Organ or Corti; filled with Endolymph |
| What is the Organ of Corti and what function does it serve? | A sensory structure that serves to collect sensory information |
| Where is the Basilar Membrane? | The membrane the lines the bottom of the Organ of Corti |
| Where is the Scala Tympani? What fluid is it filled with? | Below the Organ of Corti, filled with Perilymph |
| Where is the Tectorial Membrane what what function does it serve? | A stiff shelf sitting above the stereocilia and helps noise to be conducted correctly |
| What is Amplitude? | The measurement of volume of loudness; To what extend stereocilia bend and how many hairs are involved |
| How is Amplitude connected to the workings of the ear? | Certain amplitudes are heard through certain parts of the ear, louder goes towards front and lower towards inner part of cochlea |
| What is Frequency? | # of waves that pass a fixed reference point in a given time |
| What is the human range for frequency? | 20-20,000 hertz |
| How is Frequency connected to the workings of the ear? | Where waves cross from vestibular duct to cochlear duct is frequency dependent |
| What is the Utricle and what function does it serve? | Area with sensory structures where hair extends upwards |
| What is the Saccule and what function does it serve? | Area with sensory structures where hair extends sideways |
| What is the Otolith? | The combined structures of the Statoconia and Gelatinous Material (In Vestibule) |
| What is the Statoconia? | Calcium carbonate crystals that rest upon the gelatinous material (In Vestibule) |
| What is Gelatinous Material? | A Vaseline-like material where hair cells grow into (In Vestibule) |
| How does motion sickness occur? | Conflicting information from the eyes and ears |
| How does the motion in the ear get communicated? | When movement in the vestibule is sensed, the stereocilia communicate by upping the amount of action potentials |
| What are the three Semicircular canals? | Lateral, Anterior, and Posterior |
| What does the Lateral Duct sense? | Awareness of spinning (helicopter) |
| What does the Anterior Duct sense? | Awareness of Somersaults (front flip) |
| What does the Posterior Duct sense? | Awareness of Cartwheels |
| Where is the Ampullae? What parts does it contain? | The large bulges in the semicircular canals; Endolymph, Crista, Cupula |
| Where is the Cupula and what function does it serve? | A structure that stereocilia extend into and acts like a sail |
| Where is the Crista and what function does it serve? | The bottom membrane which looks like a ridge with hair |
| Where is the Endolymph in the Ampullae? | Both sides of the Cupula are filled with Endolymph |
Created by:
Rotten
Popular Physical Science sets