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Psych Unit 4 Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Sensation | Actually sensing shit |
| Sensory receptors | Sensory nerve endings that respond to stimuli |
| Perception | Processing the shit that we sense |
| Bottom up processing | When we see new shit, starts with our sensory receptors and then works up |
| Top down processing | Draws on our experience and works down |
| Transduction | Transforming one energy form to another, light --> neural impulse |
| Psychophysics | Studies relationship between detected physical energy and its effects on our psychological experiences |
| Absolute threshold | The minimum stimulation to detect jawns 50% of the time |
| Signal Detection Theory | Predicts when we'll detect weak signals |
| Subliminal | Describes stimuli below someone's absolute threshold |
| Prime/Priming | Prepping someone to expect a certain jawn |
| Difference threshold (JND) | The minimum difference a person can detect between any two stimuli 50% of the time |
| Weber's Law | For an average person to perceive a stimulus, two stimuli must differ by a certain constant minimum percentage (but it changes by situation) |
| Sensory adaptation | Diminished sensitivity from prolonged stimulation |
| Perceptual set | The disposition to view one thing and not another |
| Wavelength | Distance from one peak to the next, determines hue and pitch |
| Amplitude | "Heigh" of a wave, determines intensity of color and sound |
| Retina | A multilayered tissue on the eyeball's inner surface that light hits |
| Accommodation | The lens changing curvature and thickness to focus light onto the retina |
| Lens | What light hits after passing through the pupil |
| Photoreceptors | A receptor for light stimuli (rods and cones) |
| Rods | Retinal receptors that detect black, white, gray, and peripheral vision |
| Cones | Retinal receptors that detect more detail and color |
| Optic nerve | The nerve that carries neural impulses from eye to brain |
| Blind spot | Where the optic nerve leaves the eye, creates a blind spot because it has no photoreceptors |
| Fovea | The retina's area of central focus where cones cluster |
| Near sightedness | Close objects are clear, but far ones aren't |
| Far sightedness | Nearby objects are blurry, but far ones are clear |
| Young-Helmholtz trichromatic theory | There's three colors that there are hues for that combine for perceiving any color |
| Afterimages | Images we see after looking at jawns |
| Opponent process theory | Vision depends on opposing retinal processes, red-green, yellow-blue, and white-black |
| Ganglion cells | Projection neurons of the retina |
| Dichromatism | Color-blindness where two of three primary colors are preserved |
| Monochromatism | Complete color-blindness, all colors appear as shades of one color |
| Gestalt | An organization of pieces into meaningful wholes |
| Figure ground | The organization of the visual field into objects |
| Grouping | The tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups |
| Proximity | Humans group nearby objects together |
| Closure | Humans fill in gaps to create a complete object |
| Binocular cues | A depth cue depending on use of two eyes |
| Retinal disparity | Compares images for the eyes, the greater the disparity the closer the object |
| Monocular cues | Depth cues for individual eyes |
| Phi phenomenon | An optical illusion that causes one to see several still images in a series as moving |
| Perceptual constancy | Perceiving objects as constant even though our sensation of the object changes |
| Color and brightness constancy | Perceiving objects as having the same level of brightness/color even though the level of lighting changes |
| Shape and size constancy | Perceiving objects as staying the same size even when they're far away or close up |
| Perceptual adaptation | The ability to adjust to damaged sensory input |
| Hearing difficulties | Having trouble hearing |
| Sensorineural deafness | Damage to inner ear, common old age deafness |
| Conduction deafness | Problem transferring sound waves in the ear |
| Sound localization | The ability to identify the location of a sound source |
| Place theory | States our perception of sound depends on where frequency productions vibrations |
| Frequency theory | States our perception of sound depends on temporal patterns with which neurons respond to sound in the cochlea |
| Volley theory | Neurons respond to a sound by firing action potentials slightly out of phase to create a greater frequency combined to be analyzed by the brain |
| Gate control theory | Spinal cord has a neurological "gate" that controls the transmission of pain messages to the brain |
| Selective attention | Focusing on one thing, can relieve pain |
| Phantom limb sensation | Creation of pain after a limb amputation |
| Olfaction | The sense of smell |
| Thalamus | Sensory switchboard of the brain |
| Pheromones | A chemical substance serving as a stimulus to others of the same species |
| Gustation | The sense of taste |
| Taste receptors | Cellular receptors that facilitate the sense of taste |
| Umami | Savory, basically, combines with sweet, sour, salt, and bitter as our building blocks for taste |
| Oleogustus | A sixth taste, it's the taste for fat |
| Super tasters | Individuals with sensitive senses of taste |
| Medium tasters | Someone with an average sense of taste |
| Non tasters | Someone who has difficulty tasting |
| Kinesthesia | Awareness of position and movement of body parts |
| Vestibular sense | A sensory system for balance and spatial awareness |
| Semicircular canals | Three fluid-filled tubes in the inner ear that keep jawns balanced |
| Sensory interaction | The process of our senses combining together |
| Synesthesia | Experiencing multiple sense at once, like hearing color |
| Blind sight | A neurological condition where someone can perceive the location of an object despite being cortically blind |
| Prosopagnosia | Face blindness, not being able to recognize faces |
Created by:
mejones
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