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chapter 6 and 23
Opioid (narcotic) and Substance Use Disorders
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Codeine | most commonly used opioid in dentistry |
| Codeine + Tylenol | Tylenol 3, provides greater pain relief |
| Cocaine | abusers exhibit dilated pupils (mydriasis) |
| Morphine | first natural opiate used for acute or severe pain |
| Oxycodone | semi- synthetic opioid |
| Oxycodone + acetaminophen | Percocet |
| Oxycodone + aspirin | Percodan |
| Naloxone (Narcan) | is an opioid antagonist and used to treat opioid overdose |
| Agonists | refers to a substance that binds to and activates a receptor in the body |
| Mixed opioids | also known as mixed agonist-antagonist opioids, refer to a class of opioids that have both agonistic (activating ) and antagonistic (blocking) effects on opioid receptors in the nervous stystem |
| Antagonists | are substances that bind to receptors in the body but do not activate them. Instead, they block or inhibit the action of agonists |
| Narcotics | original name for opioid drugs. Derived from the Greek work which means "inducing stupor or sleep" |
| what are the opioid agonists | morphine (MS Contin, Kadian, Roxanol, Duramorph), oxycodone [acetaminophen/ oxycodone] (Percocet), hydrocodne [acetaminophen/hydrocodone] (Vicodin), codeine (Codeine 15), methadone (Methadose), Fentanyl (Duragesic, Actiq, Subsys, Sublimaze) |
| what are the opioid antagonists | naloxone (Narcan) |
| what are the mixed opioids | buprenorphine (Buprenex) and tramadol (*Ultram) |
| Abstinence syndrome | a constellation of physiologic changes undergone by people who have become physically dependent on a drug or chemical who are abruptly deprived of that substance |
| Addiction | addiction is a chronic, relapsing brain disease that is characterized by compulsive drug-seeking use despite complications or negative consequences |
| Substance use disorders | occur when the recurrent use of alcohol and/ or drugs causes clinically and functionally significant impairment |
| Enabling | the behavior or family or friends who associate with the addict that results in continued substance use disorder |
| Habituation | Physiologic tolerance to or psychological dependence on a drug |
| Misuse | Use of a drug for a disease state in a way considered inappropriate |
| Physical/ physiologic dependence | the state in which the drug is necessary for the continued functioning of certain body process |
| Psychologic dependence | the state in which, following withdrawal of the drug, there are manifestations of emotional abnormalities and drug-seeking behavior |
| Relapse | relapse is the return to drug use after an attempt to stop |
| Tolerance | with repeated dosing, the dose of a drug must be increased to obtain the same effect |
| Withdrawal | the constellation of symptoms, as specified in the DSM-5, that occurs when a physically dependent person stops taking the drug |
| what are mixed opioid: CNS Depressants | Ethyl Alcohol |
| Opioid Analgesic: Agonists | Heroin and meperidine (Demerol) |
| Benzodiazepine: Sedative- Hypnotics | diazepam (Valium) |
| CNS Stimulants | Cocaine, Methamphetamine (Desoxyn), Caffeine (Stay awake), Nicotine (Nicorette, Nicoderm) |
| Psychedelics (Hallucinogens) | Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), Phencyclidine (PCP), Ecstasyt, Cannabis (Marijuana) |
| Norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake Inhibitor (NDRI) | bupropion (Wellbutrin SR) |
| Nicotine receptor partial agonists | varenicline (Chantix) |
Created by:
m.sol
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