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ch.19 chabner

review of chapter 19

Question	Answer
forming small nipple-like projections	papillary
abnormal formation of cells	dysplastic
localized growth of cells	carcinoma in situ
densely packed;containing fibrous connective tissue	schirrhous
patterns resembling small, microscopic sacs	alveolar
small gland-type sacs	follicular
lacking structures typical of mature cells	undifferentiated
loss of differentiation of cells and reversion to a more primitive cell type	anaplasia
extending beyond the normal tissue boundaries	infiltrative
having the ability to enter and destroy surrounding tissue	invasive
spreading to a secondary site	metastasis
replication of cells;two identical cells are produced from a parent cell	mitosis
cellular substance(ribonucleic acid) that is important in protein synthesis	RNA
infectious agent that reproduces by entering a host cell and using the host's genetic material to make copies of itself	virus
rays given off by the sun	ultraviolet radiation
an agent (hydrocarbon,insecticide,hormone)that causes cancer	chemical carcinogen
genetic material within the nucleus that controls replication and protein synthesis	DNA
region of genetic material that causes cancer;found in tumor cells or viruses	oncogene
change in the genetic material of a cell	mutation
energy carried by a stream of particles	radiation
characterized by redness,swelling, and heat	inflammatory
tumors are large,soft, fleshy	medullary
containing dead tissue	necrotic
mushrooming pattern of growth	fungating
characterized by large, open, exposed surfaces	ulcerating
tumors from large,open sacs filled with fluid	cystic
tumors resemble wart-like growths	verrucous
growths are projections from a base (sessile & pedunculated)	polypoid
removal of tumor and a margin of abnormal tissue for diagnosis and possible cure for small tumors	excisional biopsy
removal of entire tumor with large area of surrounding tissue and lymph nodes	en bloc resection
burning a lesion	electrocauterization
destruction by high-frequency electric sparks	fulguration
cutting into a tumor and removing a piece to establish diagnosis	incisional biopsy
freezing a lesion	cryosurgery
wide resection involving tumor, organ of origin, and surrounding tissue in the area of the hip	pelvic extenteration
test for presence of a portion of human chorionic gonadotropin hormone (a marker for testicular cancer)	beta-HCG test
incision of the abdomen to determine extent of disease	staging laparotomy
protein marker test to detect ovarian cancer cells in blood	CA-125
visual examination of the abdominal cavity;peritoneoscopy	laparoscopy
test for the presence of a hormone receptor on breast cancer cells	estrogen receptor assay
removal and microscopic examination of bone marrow tissue	bone marrow biopsy
aspiration of tissue for microscopic examination	needle biopsy
blood test for the pressence of an antigen related to prostate cancer	PSA test
blood test for carcinoembryonic antigen (marker for GI cancer)	CEA test
cells are scraped off tissue and microscopically examined	exfoliative cytology
staging tumor	assessing the extent of tumor spread
T1N2MO	tumor is present with palpable regional lymph nodes and metastases
tumor requires large doses of radiation to produce death of cells	radioresistant tumor
used in treatment of tumors with radiation	linear accelerators
study of the distribution and removal of drugs in the body over a period of time	pharmacokinetics
study of tumors	oncology
treatment using drugs	chemotherapy
general ill malnutrition associated with chronic disease such as cancer	cachexia
malignant tumor of fiber-producing cells	cystic tumor
alveol/o	small sac
cac/o	bad
carcin/o	cancer,cancerous
cauter/o	burn,heat
chem/o	chemical drug
cry/o	cold
cyst/o	sac of fluid
fibr/o	fibers
follicul/o	small grandular sacs
fung/i	fungus,mushroom
medull/o	soft,inner part
mucos/o	mucous membrane
mut/a	genetic change
mutagen/o	causing genetic change
onc/o	tumor
papill/o	nipple-like
pharmac/o	chemical drug
plas/o	formation
ple/o	many,more
polyp/o	polyp
radi/o	rays,xrays
sarc/o	flesh,connective tissue
scirrh/o	hard
xer/o	dry
-blastoma	immature tumor
-genesis	formation
-oma	mass, tumor
-plasia	formation, growth
-plasm	formation, growth
-suppression	to stop
-therapy	treatment
ana-	backward
apo-	off,away
brachy-	short
epi-	upon
meta-	beyond;change
cancerous tumor composed of epethelial tissue	carcinoma
cancerous tumor composed of connective tissue	sacrcoma
retinoblastoma and polyposis coli syndrome are	inherited cancers
the assessment of tumor's degree of maturity or microscopic differentiation is __________ of a tumor	grading
assessment of a tumor's extent of spread within the body	staging
what does TNM staging system stand for	tumor;node;metastasis
the transformation of adult,differentiated tissue to differentiated tissue of another type is called	metaplasia
the formation of new blood vessels is known as	angiogenesis
destruction of tissue by electric sparks generated by a high-frequency current	fulguration
removal of entire tumor and regional lymph nodes	en bloc resection
cutting into a tumor and removing a piece to establish a diagnosis	incisional biopsy
removal of tumor and margin of normal tissue for diagnosis and possible cure of small tumors	excisional biopsy
freezing a lesion to kill tumors	cryosurgery
burning a lesion to destroy tumor cells	electrocauterization
wide resection involving removal of tumor,its organ of origin, and surrounding tissue in the body space	extenteration
method of treating cancer using high-energy radiation	radiation therapy
a tumor that requires large doses of radiation to kill cells	radioresistant
if radiation can cause loss of tumor cells without serious damage to surrounding regions, the tumor is	radiosensitive
tumor that can be completely eradicated by irradiation	radiocurable
method of giving radiation in small,repeated doses	fractionation
drug that increase the sensitivity of tumors to x-rays	radiosensitizers
treatment of cancerous tumors with drugs	chemotherapy
the study of the distribution and disappearance of drugs in the body is	pharmacokinetics
the use of two or more drugs to kill tumor cells	combination of chemotherapy
large electronic device that produces high energy x-ray beams for treatment of deep-seated tumors	linear accelerator
alkylating agents,antimetabolites,hormones, antibiotics, and antimitotics are all types of	chemotherapeutic agents
implantation of seeds of radioactive material directly into a tumor	brachytherapy
unit of radiation equal to 100 rad	gray
radiation applied to a tumor from a distant source	external beam radiation (teletherapy)
highly focused,high energy radiation requiring a cyclotron machine is	proton therapy
defined areas that are bombarded by radiation	fields
ulceration of lining cells in the mouth caused by radiation to the jaw	oral mucositis
drug treatment for breast cancer destroys epithelial cells in the stomach and causes a sensation leading to vomiting	nausea
radiation to the lungs causes inflammation of the lungs	pneumonitis
chemotherapy for ovarian cancer causes loss of hair on the head	alopecia
bone marrow destruction with leukopenia,anemia, and thrombocytopenia	myelosuppression
radiation to the lungs causes increase in connective tissue	fibrosis
radiation of salivary glands causes dryness of the mouth	xerostomia
method of treatment	modality
assisting treatment	adjuvant therapy
report or plan of steps taken in an experiment or disease case	protocol
absence of all signs of disease	remission
symptoms of disease return	relapse
condition of damage to normal tissues;disease	morbidity
treatment that uses the body's own defense mechanisms to fight tumor cells	biological therapy
substances produced by normal cells that directly block tumor growth or stimulate the immune system	biological response modifiers
a biological response modifier that is made by lymphocytes	interferon
biological response modifiers that are made by mouse cells and are able to bind to tumor cells	monoclonal antibodies
programmed cell death	apoptosis
malnutrition marked by weakness nad emaciation; usually associated with later stages of cancer	cachexia
drugs that promote tumor cells to differentiate (mature), stop growing and die	differentiating agents
anticancer drugs designed to block the function of growth factors, their receptors, and signaling pathways in tumor cells	molecularly targeted drugs
unit of DNA composed of sugar, phosphate, and base	nucleotide

Created by: ladyvicious

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