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AP PYSCH VOCAB #9
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| wisdom | expert knowledge about the practical aspects of life |
| emerging adulthood | the transitional period from adolescence to adulthood, spanning approximately 18-25 years of age |
| puberty | a period of rapid skeletal and sexual maturation that occurs mainly in early adolescence |
| postconventional morality | the individual recognizes alternative moral courses, explores the options, and then develops an increasingly personal moral code. At this level a person might reason that saving Heinz 's wife is more important than obeying a law. |
| conventional morality | the person abides by standards learned from parents or society' s laws. At this level a person might reason that Heinz should act in accord with expectations or his role as a good husband or reason that Heinz should follow the law no matter what. |
| preconvential morality | the individual's moral reasoning is based on the consequences of behavior and punishments and rewards from the external world. Moral reasoning is guided by not wanting Heinz to go to jail or by feelings of concern for the druggist's profits. |
| prosocial behavior | behavior that is intended to benefit other people |
| permissive parenting | a parenting style characterized by the placement of few limits on the child's behavior |
| neglectful parenting | a parenting style characterized by a lack of parental involvement in the child's life. |
| authoritative parenting | a parenting style that encourages the child to be independent but still places limits and controls on behavior. |
| authoritarian parenting | a restrictive, punitive style in which the parent exhorts the child to follow the parent's directions. |
| insecure attachment | infants don't use the caregiver as a secure base from which to explore, instead, they experience their relationship with the caregiver as unstable and unreliable. These 2 types of insecure attachment are avoidant and anxious/ ambivalent. |
| secure attachment | the ways that infants use their caregiver, usually their mother, as a secure base from which to explore the environment |
| infant attachment | the close emotional bond between an infant and it's caregiver |
| temperament | an individual's behavioral style and characteristic ways of responding |
| executive function | higher-order, complex cognitive processes, including thinking, planning, and problem solving. |
| conservation | understanding the permanence of some attributes of objects despite superficial changes. |
| formal operational stage | Piaget's 4th stage of cognitive development, which begins at 11-15 years of age & continues through the adult years, it features thinking about things are not concrete, making predictions, & using logic to come up with hypothesis about the future. |
| schema | a mental concept or flamework that organizes & provides a structure for interpreting information. |
| teratogen | any agent that can disrupt the development of the fetus, including chemical substances ingested by the person carrying the fetus & certain illnesses and viruses. |
| concrete operational stage | Piaget's 3rd stage of cognitive development, lasting from about 7-11 years of age, during which the individual uses operations & replaces intuitive reasoning with logical reasoning in concrete situations. |
| preoperational stage | Piaget's second stage of cognitive development, lasting from about 2-7 years of age, during which thought is more symbolic than sensorimotor thought. |
| operations | Piaget's term for mental representations of changes in objects that can be reversed. |
| object permanence | Piaget's term for the crucial accomplishment of understanding that objects & events continue to exist even when they cannot directly be seen, heard, or touched. |
| Sensorimotor stage | Piagets 1st stage of cognitive development, lasting from birth to about2 years of age, during which infants construct an understanding of the world by coordinating sensory experiences with motor (physical) actions. |
| accommodation | an individual's adjustment of schemas to include new information |
| assimilation | an individual's incorporation of new information into existing knowledge. |
| preferential looking | a research technique that involves giving an infant a choice of what object to look at |
| resilience | a person's ability to recover from or adapt to difficult times |
| nature | a person's biological inheritance, especially the person's genes. |
| nurture | an individual's environmental and social experiences |
| development | the pattern of continuity & change in human capabilities that occur throughout life, involving both growth and decline |
Created by:
Sophclaire
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