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Kant
Philosophical Ethics
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Good Will | the thing that can be good w/o limiting since everything good is contigent on it. Anything but G.w can lead to immorality |
| Will | place from where one acts |
| Kants view on Happiness | cannot be highest attribute b/c reason isnt very conducive. Since humans can reason, happiness should not be the end goal Choices made from happiness are not allowed because it is subjective |
| Reason and Good will | Reason is how we shape good will |
| First Proposition | is that an action must be done from duty to have any moral worth (duty comes within us) |
| Second Proposition | that an action has moral worth not b/c of its aim, but because of the maxim of which it is based |
| Third Proposition | duty is the necessity of an action from respect for the law, action in accordance with duty must be stripped on all inclination , so what is left is purely objective law |
| Duty and goodwill | is what elevates the good will |
| Duty | actions in accordance with duty and are contrary to someone immediate inclination, action only moral when self inclination in removed |
| Wrong Dutys | ACTION DONE IN OPPOSITION OF DUTY b/c bad for moral law because we dont wonder if action is done out of duty ACTION DONE IN ACCORDANCE WITH DUTY BUT WITH IMMEDIATE INCLINATION not truly moral because just wants to avoid consquences (paying taxes) |
| Categorical imperative | law must be universal, and one should never act except that his actions could be universal law; command must be unconditional (don't lie, kill, etc) Action must be good in itself and not subjective |
| Universalizability test | action is morally permissible if everyone could act the same same, if not it is morally impermissible (act that everyone in the world could do and still be able to function with everyone acting that way) |
| Formation of the Universalizability Test 1 | 1) act only in accordance with the maxim through which you can at the will into universal law |
| Formation of the Universalizability Test 2 | 2)act that uses humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of any other, always at same time as an end but never merely as a means CANNOT USE PEOPLE AS MEANS TO AN END |
| Formation of the Universalizability Test 3 | 3) Act in accordance with the maxim of a member giving universal law for merely the possible Kingdom of ends (only act on maxim if doing so is something we can actually be law) |
| Kant care about intent or consquences | Kant loves intent behind action |
| Kingdom of ends | =act as though everyone is being treated as an end to yourself (act as though everyone is telling the truth even if you are being lied too) =determine moral law by considering viability of natural law (Person must be end in themselves with a will) |
| How should we treat other in k.o.e | treat others with respects as if he is making his decision with reason, if we disagree we can try and convince but can never trick, lie, or force allow all individual to choose/contribute to the ends |
| What ethics does kant want | A-prior (know through) reason ethics to avoid getting indivualistic ethical principles and avoid subjective ethics |
| moral law flow with us being rational beings | 1) we are universal legislators 2)Uni. Leg. establish common law 3) Autonomy is the ground of the dignity of human nature and every rational nature |
| Formula of Humanity | capacity to determine ends through rational choice - be our own ends to means, not others |
| Imperfect v Perfect Duties | Imperfect= multiple ways to fulfill duty Perfect= one strict way to fill duty |
| Kant says we must act | as if we are already in the kingdom of ends |
| Korsgaard on lying as perfect duty | lying violates perfect duty because it is contradictory as if lying because universalized it wouldn't work anymore or be harmful because people would assume people are lying to them |
| Korsgaard on lying with formula of humanity | lying is impossible with it because it makes a person as a means to an end as they cannot consent to the lying due to coercion and deception which are the roots of all evil |
| Korsgaard on lying to the murder at the door | you may lie to the murderer when you have a sense he is lying to you, Duty of mutual aid= gives reason to lie no as an imperative |
| Ideal v Non ideal theory | Ideal= determine perfect society None ideal=punishment, war, oppostion to unjust regime, etc |
| Rae Longton Story | Women writing to Kant about how she keep her virginity a secret from her friends (possible suitor) |
| Longton verison of kant | she offers a sane and serve kant |
| Longton distinction b/w Human and Things | Kant believes human have intristic worth that is in ten basis for our capacity for rational choice - humans are an ends in themselves moral law is regulated to recognized and respect this dignity |
| Longton problem with treating ppl as means | problem is when we treat people as means, when I act in a way to block their ability to make their own ends I am being decpetion (cake for boyfriend example) |
| Longton idea of kant on lying | Kant doesn't seem to reject lying per se, but strategic speech in general IN LYING WE MAKE THE ONE WE LIE TO A THING |
| Problem with being a devoted kantian | being a kantian is problematic once you enjoy it as then you are not fulfilling any duty |
| Learn from letter is | need some inclination to know we are doing out duty |
| Carol Hay story with feminist Kant | fair worker flips a ride upside down to look up a girls skirt |
| Kant view of the fair worker | fair worker is wrong as he is using the girl as a means to an end and taking away her autonomy (KANT LIVES AUTONOMY) |
| How is harm made by the girl not doing anything | Harm is created by not doing anything because it creates internalized oppression and causes one to eventually lose respect for yourself. It is our duty to have respect for yourself and prevent harm on your rational nature. |
| to prevent harm to oneself to complete the duty they must | Must be away of oppression is occurring to complete the duty |
| Kant idea on people with continuous oppression | kant believes we are rational creatures and eventually after being degraded for ling period of time we lose our rational and ability to be rational. |
Created by:
katelyn27
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