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chapter 5
Nonopioid Analgesics
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| perception | the physical components of pain |
| reaction | the psychologic component of pain |
| antipyretic | ability to reduce inflammation |
| antiinflammatory | ability to reduce inflammation |
| uricosuric | ability to increase the excretion of uric acid in the urine |
| antiplatelet | ability to inhibit the aggregation (clumping) of platelets in the blood |
| analgesic | ability to reduce or relieve pain |
| PGE | Prostaglandins, which are lipids produced by cells during inflammation and can sensitive the pain receptors |
| TNF -⍺ | is a cytokine that is released by cells during inflammatory response in periodontal disease |
| what is an example of salicylates drugs | aspirin (Bayer, Bufferin) |
| what is an example of Nonsalicylate/Nonnarcotic | acetaminophen (Tylenol) |
| what are examples of NSAIDS | ibuprofen (Advil), naproxen (Aleve), diclofenac (Cataflam), nabumetone (Relafen), meloxicam (Mobic), celecoxib (Celebrex) |
| what are examples of Antigout Drugs | colchicine (Colcrys, Mitigare), allopurinol (Zyloprim) |
| What are examples of arthritis drugs | DMARD/ Antimetabolite: methotrexate (Otrexup) DMARD/TNF-a Inhibitor: adalimumab (Humira) DMARD/TNF-a Inhibitor: etanercept (Enbrel) NSAIDs: celecoxib (Celebrex) DMARD/Antimalaria: hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil) |
| what are salicylates indicated for | pain/ fever/ inflammation/ myocardial infarction |
| what are NSAIDs indicated for | pain/ fever/ inflammation |
| what are NonSalicylate/ Nonnarcotic indicated for | pain only |
| what sites if action are nonopioids located at | peripheral nerve ending |
| what sites of action are opioids located at | within the central nervous system |
| COX-1 | expressed in all tissues, catalyzes prostaglandins |
| COX-2 | is activated in damaged and inflamed tissue and catalyzes the formation of inducible prostaglandin (PGE2) associated with intensifying the inflammatory response |
| PGE (prostaglandin) | stimulates nociceptors in peripheral nerves to send signals for pain to the CNS. PGE can lower the pain threshold to more painful stimuli, case inflammation, fever, and edema |