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AP psych unit 3.1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Sensation | Detection of physical stimuli by sensory receptors. |
| Perception | Interpretation of sensory information by the brain. |
| Bottom-Up Processing | Building perception from sensory input data. |
| Top-Down Processing | Using prior knowledge to interpret sensory information. |
| Selective Attention | Focusing on specific stimuli while ignoring others. |
| Inattentional Blindness | Failure to notice unexpected stimuli in focus. |
| Change Blindness | Inability to detect changes in visual scenes. |
| Priming | an individual's exposure to a certain stimulus influences their response to a subsequent prompt |
| Transduction | Conversion of physical energy into neural signals. |
| Psychophysics | Study of relationships between stimuli and perception. |
| Absolute Threshold | Minimum stimulus intensity detectable 50% of time. |
| Signal Detection Theory | the detection of a stimulus depends on both the intensity of the stimulus and the physical/psychological state of the individual |
| Subliminal | Stimuli below conscious awareness threshold. |
| Difference Threshold | Smallest detectable difference between two stimuli. |
| Weber's Law | theory that states that in order to perceive a difference between two stimuli |
| Sensory Adaptation | Reduced sensitivity to constant stimuli over time. |
| Wavelength | Distance between the peaks of waves. |
| Hue | Color attribute determined by light wavelength. |
| Frequency | Number of wave cycles per second |
| Intensity | Brightness or loudness of a stimulus. |
| Pupil | Opening in the eye controlling light entry. |
| Iris | Colored part of the eye regulating pupil size. |
| Lens | Transparent structure focusing light onto retina. |
| Retina | Layer of photoreceptors converting light to signals. |
| Accommodation | Eye's adjustment for focusing on objects at various distances. |
| Rods | Photoreceptors sensitive to low light levels. |
| Cones | Photoreceptors responsible for color vision. |
| Optic Nerve | Nerve transmitting visual information to the brain. |
| Blind Spot | Area in retina lacking photoreceptors |
| Fovea | Central region of retina with highest visual acuity. |
| Feature Detectors | Neurons responding to specific visual features. |
| Young Helmholtz Trichromatic Theory | Theory explaining color vision via three color receptors. |
| Opponent Process Theory | Theory explaining color vision through opposing color pairs. |