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Chapter 3

Adverse reactions

TermDefinition
Therapeutic effect Clinically desireable actions
Adverse effects Undesirable reaction
Toxic reaction the desired effect is excessive
Side effect Dose-related reaction that is not part of the desired therapeutic outcome.
Idiosyncratic reaction Genetically related abnormal drug respone
Drug allergy Immunologic response to a drug resulting in a reaction such as a rash or anaphylaxis.
Interference with natural defense mechanisms When a drug reduces the body's ability to fight infecttions.
Exaggerated effect on target tissue An extension of the therapeutic effectcaused by the overreaction of a sensitive patient or by the use of a dose that is too large.
"A patient with diabetes can experience exaggerated hypoglycemia when administering a therapeutic dose for the treatment of diabetes." This is an example of: exaggerated effect on target tissue.
Effect on nontarget tissues caused by the nontherapeutic action of the drug.
"Asprin may produce gastric upset in usual therapeutic doses, but in higher doses can cause salicylism, a toxic reaction". This is an example of: Effect on nontarget tissues
Effect on fetal development(teratogenic effect) The advese relationship between drugs and its affects on the developing fetus.
"OTC thalidomide caused short arms and legs even with one dose in pregnant women." Ths is an example of: Effect on fetal development.
Local effect Characterized by localized tissue irritation.
Tissue necrosis-injectable, irritated skin-topical, and gastrointestinal symptoms- orally; Are all examples of: Local effect
Drug interatctions Can occur when the effect of one drug is altered by tanother drug. This can be negative of beneficial.
What are the three types of drug interactions? 1. Drug -- Drug 2. Drug -- Food 3. Drug -- Disease
Hypersensitivity(allergic reaction) Occurs when the immune system of an individual respond to the drug administerd or applied. this reaction is neither dose dependent nor predictable.
Type I reactions Mediated by immunoglobulin E(IgE) antibodies. Leads to vasodilation, edema, and the inflammatory response.
Type II reactions are complement-dependent involving IgG or IgM antibodies. the antigen -antibody complex are fixed to a circulating blood cell resulting in lysis.
Type III reactions involve aggregations of antigens and antibodies. There are more antibodies than antigens this can lead to and immune-complex.
Type IV reactions Delayed hypersensitivity that is mediated by sensitized T-lymphocytes and macrophages. When the cells contact the antigen an inflammatory reaction is produced.
Idiosyncrasy A reaction that is neither a drugs side effect nor anallergic reaction.
"10% of black males can experience severe hemolystic anemia when given the antimalarial drug primaquine". is an example of: Idiosyncrasy
Interference with natural defense system When a drugs effect on the body's defense mechanism and results in an adverse reaction.
"Long term systemic use of corticosteroids can lead to decreased resistance to infection" is an example of: Interference with natural defense system.
What is the dental hygienists role? Educate the patient regarding adverse drug effects.
Created by: C.delaRocha
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