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Unit 5- Intro Exam
Review of Basic Patient Care
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Leading cause of injury to health care providers is injury to the ______________. | spine |
| Where is your center of gravity? | pelvis |
| Lifting techniques: keep the heaviest part of the object __________ to the body. | close |
| Lifting techniques: T or F. If the patient is able, you should let them help. | True |
| Lifting techniques: You should _________ the object, never _________. | pull;push |
| Lifting techniques: Never __________ at the waist to lift an object. | bend |
| Lifting techniques: Never __________ with a heavy load. | twist |
| What should be done before you transfer a patient? | explain to all involved how the move will be done and lock all wheels and tables |
| When utilizing a slide board, can you treat a patient with it if it gets stuck? | Yes |
| How should an IV bag be hung? | above the patient |
| How should a catheter bag be placed? | below the patient or if there is not a hook lay the bag on the table with the patient and then at the end allow the fluid to go back into the bag if there was reflux |
| What hazards are there when providing patient safety? | fire, electrical, hazardous materials, and radioactive materials |
| What is the purpose of restraints? | to provide safety for the patient and you |
| What kind of restraints do we use? | velcro straps, tape, and bed straps |
| What legal considerations are involved with patient restraint? | false imprisonment and battery |
| With a patient exam, what are some parts of anatomy we can visually examine? | skin, head and neck (oropharyngeal, nasopharyngeal, and laryngeal), and rectal |
| With a patient exam, what anatomy can be suspected on palpation? | thyroid, breast, prostate, lymph nodes, cervical, abdominal masses, and testicular masses |
| Special considerations for geriatric patients. | -fragile bones, -thin skin -poor eyesight, hearing and balance -may not be able to process instructions quickly -may require moving assistance -may require restraints |
| Special considerations for pediatric patients. | -may not be able to follow directions -never leave alone... you are responsible -immobilization is essential (whole body casts) -sedation may be necessary |
| Special considerations for mets. | -fragile/weakened bones (from disease or treatment) -may have pathological fx that are not pinned -may be in intense pain (bone mets or cord compression) |
| Special considerations for comatose patients. | -totally dependent on you -are not able to respond -may be able to hear you -restraints may be necessary |
| Are we able to put a pad on the table for patient comfort? | Yes |
| Can you use a pillow for a patient if they cannot tolerate a headrest? | Yes, as long as it is not a H&N patient |
| Why are knee cushions used? | to release pressure on the spine |
| Always show _______________ towards your patient. | compassion |
| What is the patient at risk for with subnormal temperature? | -shock -heart failure -hemorrhage |
| What is the patient at risk for with above normal temperature? | -infection or disease |
| What is a normal temperature? | 98.6 degrees F or 37 degrees C |
| If it is a rectal temperature, then it is 1 degree ____________. | higher |
| If it is an axillary temperature, then it is 1 degree ___________. | lower |
| What degree is considered hypothermic? | below normal (78-90 degrees F) |
| Hyperthermia is considered __________ normal | above |
| How can pulse be checked? | -wrist/radial -pedal (top of foot) -temporal -brachial -carotid -femoral -apical |
| What artery is mostly palpated for peds? | femoral |
| What should be noted when checking for a pulse? | -rate, regulation and force |
| What is a normal heart rate? | 70-80 bpm |
| Who will normally have a lower heart rate? | athletes |
| Who will normally have a higher heart rate? | peds |
| Tachycardia | very rapid pulse (> 100 bpm) |
| Bradycardia | very slow pulse (<60 bpm) |
| What values are a normal respiration? | 16-20 respirations/min |
| What age group will have a faster respiration rate? | peds |
| Apnea | temporary absence of breath |
| Cheyne-Stokes | abnormal condition characterized by periods of apnea followed by periods of deep, rapid breathing |
| What is the principle of blood pressure? | the force exerted by the pumping action of the heart on the arterial wall |
| Greatest pressure | systolic (top number) |
| Lowest pressure | diastolic (bottom number) |
| What equipment is needed to take blood pressure? | stethoscope sphygmomanometer |
| Normal values of systolic pressure | 110-140 |
| Normal values of diastolic pressure | 60-90 |
| Hypotension | low bp |
| Hypertension | high bp |
| Nosocomial Infection | infection acquired during a stay at the hospital |
| Communicable disease | any disease that can be transmitted from one person to another directly or indirectly |
| Infectious pathogen | any material capable of causing infection (bacteria, virus, fungus) |
| Endogenous infection | the reactivation of a previously dormant (w/in the body) organism |
| What is an example of an endogenous infection? | TB |
| Reservoir of infection | where an infectious agent lives and multiplies |
| Examples of reservoirs | humans, animals, plants, and soils |
| Port of entrance | inhalation, absorption, break in the skin, eyes, etc. |
| Port of exit | mouth (coughing/sneezing/vomit), sexual contact, open wound |
| Susceptible host | the person at risk; patient or healthcare worker |
| What are 5 modes of transmission | -aerobic (through the air) -direct contact -indirect contact -vectors (disease is being carried by a living being) -vehicle (disease is carried by an inanimate object) |
| Regular isolation techniques | protects you from the patient |
| Reverse isolation techniques | protects the patient from you |
| Special considerations for exposure. | -contact precautions -blood-born pathogens -body fluid pathogens -antibiotic resistant infections -clostridium difficle (C. diff) |
| How would we isolate a person in the rad therapy dept? | put them in a room by themself w/ an isolation sign on the door and what PPE is needed |
| Medical aspesis | removing microorganisms via the use of soap and water ex: hand washing |
| Surgical asepsis | removing microorganisms and their spores via some heat or chemical process ex. sterilization |
| Antiseptic | a substance that inhibits the growth and reproduction of microorganisms |
| Disinfectant | a chemical used to destroy microorganisms |
| Clean = _____________ asepsis Sterile = ______________ asepsis | medical;surgical |
| What should you never do with dirty needles? | never recap |
| Contaminated materials: What is considered regular waste? | normal trash, empty containers, gloves, wipes |
| Contaminated materials: What is considered biohazard waste? | anything infectious and soaked |
| Contaminated materials: What is considered sharps waste? | anything sharp |
| Contaminated materials: What is considered pharmaceutical waste? | anything that is toxic |
| Autoclave is steam under _____________. | pressure |
| What is the method of choice for those items that can't withstand moisture and/or high temps? | gas sterilization |
| What is the method of choice when an item can't withstand heat, and the only EPA approved agent is glutaraldehyde? | chemical sterilization |
| What sterilization technique is used to sterilize anhydrous oils (without water)? | dry heat sterilization |
| The dry heat sterilization is a very _________ process. | slow |
| Supine | back |
| Prone | front |
| Decubitus | side |
| Fowler's | head elevated 45-60 degrees |
| Trendelenburg | feet elevated |
| Sim's | on left side (barium enema position) |
| Lithotomy | supine with legs in stirrups |
| NG tube can be a ____________ feeding tube. | temporary |
| 2 types of NG tubes | -levin and canton |
| Precautions of NG tubes | -avoid tension -careful not to pull out |
| Indications for NG tube | for drainage or suctioning of gastric contents |
| Indications for ostomy | -used for nutrition processes to get food directly to the stomach or colon and bypass mouth/esophagus -j-tube (jejunum) |
| Precautions for ostomy | -tube can come out of place -perforation of the bowel -infection -get blocked |
| Indications of respiratory | -breathing problems -obstructions -swelling -excessive fluid |
| Types for respiratory | -endotracheal -tracheostomy (perm or temp) -chest tubes |
| Precautions for respiratory | -careful not to pull out -chest tubes (keep free of kinks, keep below level of chest) |
| What should be done if the chest tube comes out? | place vaseline soaked gauze in the hole and turn patient onto the affected side |
| Indications for IV | -to administer fluids, nutrients, or drugs |
| Types of IVs | -IV at peripheral sites -Indwelling (Hickman) |
| Precautions of IVs | -keep bag above head -if becomes disconnected, clamp off and call nurse -if canula comes out, hold pressure and call nurse -if fluid gets low call nurse |
| Indications for urinary catheters | -trouble voiding -incontinence -following surgery -drainage and irrigation -chemo instillation |
| What is the most common type of urinary catheters? | foley |
| Precautions for urinary catheters. | -careful not to pull out -avoid tension -keep below bladder -keep free of kinks |
| What is the purpose of O2 administration? | to supplement the patient who doesn't get enough oxygen from room air |
| Normal O2 sat values | 95-100% |
| Room air O2 sat is normally _______% | 21 |
| What should be done to O2 so that it does not dry out the nasal passages? | humidify it |
| Oxygen delivery: What is considered high and low flow? | High: 10-15 L/min Low: 1-6 L/min |
| Safety precautions for O2 administration | -do not use near open flame -oxygen is not flammable, but it does support combustion |
| Integrative medicine | mind, body, and spirit connection - pt care centered around a holistic approach that combines conventional and alternative medicine therapies |
Created by:
lheard
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