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Module 20-21Ap Psych
Module 20-21 Ap Psych Unit 3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Sensation | the process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies and represent stimulus energies from our environment |
| Sensory receptors | sensory nerve endings that respond to stimuli |
| Perception | the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events |
| Bottom-up processing | analysis that begins with the sensory receptors and works up to the brain’s integration of sensory information |
| Top-down processing | Information processing guided by higher-level mental processes, as when we construct perceptions drawing on our experience and expectations |
| Selective attention | The focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus |
| Cocktail party effect | The ability to focus on one stimulation while another is fleeting |
| Inattention blindness | Failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere |
| Change blindness | Failing to notice changes in the environment; a form of inattentional blindness |
| Transduction | Conversion of one form of energy to another. In sensation, the transforming of stimulus energies, such as sights, sounds, and smells, into neural impulses our brain can interpret |
| Psychophysics | The study of relationships between the physical characteristics of stimuli, such as their intensity and our psychological experience of them |
| Absolute Threshold | The minimum stimulus energy needed to detect a particular stimulus 50 percent of the time |
| Signal detection theory | A theory predicting how and when we detect the presence of faint stimulus amid background stimulation |
| Subliminal | Below one’s absolute threshold for conscious awareness |
| Difference Threshold | The minimum difference between two stimuli required for detection 50 percent of the time |
| Priming | The activation, often unconsciously, of certain associations thus predisposing one’s perception, memory, or response |
| Weber's Law | The principle that, to be perceived as different, two stimuli must differ by a constant minimum percentage |
| Sensory adaptation | Diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation |
| Perceptual set | A mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another |
| Schemas | A representation of a plan in the form of an outline or model |
| Context | Allows us to recall our own perceptions in different contexts |
| Motivation | Gives us the energy as we work toward a goal |
| Emotion | these shove our perceptions in one direction or another |
| ESP | The controversial claim that perception can occur apart from sensory output |
| Telepathy | mind to mind communication |
| Clairvoyance | precising remote events such as a house on fire in another state |
| Precognition | perceiving future events such as an unexpected death in the next month |
| Psychokinesis | mind moving matter such as levitating a table or influencing the roll of dice |
| Parapsychology | the study of paranormal phenomena, including ESP and psychokinesis |
Created by:
avaJwilliams
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