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Pharmacology Exam 2

Adnrenergic

QuestionAnswer
Phenylephrine MOA α1 agonist
Phenylephrine SOA Blood vessels Eyes
Phenylephrine SE HTN, Burning & nasal discharge, rebound congestion
Phenylephrine EI Used as nasal decongestant and ophthalmics (mydriasis) Down-reg  rebound congestion Avoid in patients with HTN
Cocaine MOA NE reuptake inhibitor
Cocaine SOA CNS
Cocaine SE HTN, tachycardia, arrythmias, restlessness
Cocaine EI Used with Lidocaine to control arrythmias (Na+ channel blocker)
Dextroamphetamine & amphetamine (Adderall) MOA Methylphenidate (Concerta, Ritalin) Lisdexamphetamine (Vyvanse) Dexmethylphenidate (Focalin) Stimulate pre-synaptic release of NE & DA
Dextroamphetamine & amphetamine (Adderall) SOA Methylphenidate (Concerta, Ritalin) Lisdexamphetamine (Vyvanse) Dexmethylphenidate (Focalin) CNS
Dextroamphetamine & amphetamine (Adderall) SE Methylphenidate (Concerta, Ritalin) Lisdexamphetamine (Vyvanse) Dexmethylphenidate (Focalin) HTN, tachycardia, arrythmias, restlessness, loss of appetite
Dextroamphetamine & amphetamine (Adderall) EI Methylphenidate (Concerta, Ritalin) Lisdexamphetamine (Vyvanse) Dexmethylphenidate (Focalin) Used for ADHD
Phenelzine MOA Non-selective MOA-A & MOA-B irreversible antagonist
Phenelzine SOA CNS
Phenelzine SE HTN, tachycardia, arrythmias, restlessness
Phenelzine EI Inhibits breakdown of NE Serious ADR  HTN crisis due to dietary Tyramine
Selegiline MOA Rasagiline SELECTIVE MAO-B irreversible antagonist
Selegiline SOA Rasagiline CNS
Selegiline SE Rasagiline HTN, tachycardia, arrythmias, restlessness
Selegiline EI Rasagiline Inhibits breakdown of NE Used for depression & Parkinson’s
Prazosin MOA Terazosin (Hytrin) Doxazosin (Cardura) Tamsulosin (Flomax)  α1a SELECTIVE α1 antagonist reversible
Prazosin SOA Terazosin (Hytrin) Doxazosin (Cardura) Tamsulosin (Flomax)  α1a Brain Eye Nose Blood vessels Urethra
Prazosin SE Terazosin (Hytrin) Doxazosin (Cardura) Tamsulosin (Flomax)  α1a Headache Blurred vision Orthostatic hypotension  reflex tachycardia Sexual dysfunction
Prazosin EI Terazosin (Hytrin) Doxazosin (Cardura) Tamsulosin (Flomax)  α1a Used to treat HTN, BPH, and PTSD (prazosin only) Decrease preload and afterload (blood vessels)
Phenoxybenzamine MOA Non-selective α1 & α2 antagonist irreversible Decrease peripheral resistance
Phenoxybenzamine SOA Brain Eye Nose Blood vessels Urethra GI
Phenoxybenzamine SE Orthostatic hypotension  reflex tachycardia GI stimulation (α2 on PNS fiber blocked) Headache, Miosis
Phenoxybenzamine EI Can be used for HTN crisis caused by phenelzine (short term control) Longer duration of action (irreversible  highest affinity for α1)
Mirtazapine (Remeron) MOA NON-SELECTIVE α2 antagonist α1 antagonist Muscarinic antagonist H1 antagonist 5-HT 2a antagonist
Mirtazapine (Remeron) SOA CNS Enhances release of NE & 5-HT (serotonin) Blocks H1 release  drowsiness
Mirtazapine (Remeron) SE Drowsiness, weight gain, increased cholesterol xerostomia, constipation, peripheral edema, HTN
Mirtazapine (Remeron) EI Used for MDD Rare side effect: agranulocytosis α2’s located in small blood vessels cause vasoconstriction  antagonist will cause vasodilation  peripheral edema
Clonidine (Catapres) MOA Brimonidine (Alphagan P) Tizanidine (Zanaflex) Guanfacine (Intuniv) Dexmedetomidine (Precedex) α2 agonist
Clonidine (Catapres) SOA Brimonidine (Alphagan P) Tizanidine (Zanaflex) Guanfacine (Intuniv) Dexmedetomidine (Precedex) CNS Enhance inhibitory / suppress SNS
Clonidine (Catapres) SE Brimonidine (Alphagan P) Tizanidine (Zanaflex) Guanfacine (Intuniv) Dexmedetomidine (Precedex) Sedation, dry mouth, hypotension, bradycardia, sexual dysfunction, depression, constipation (activates GI inhibitory negative feedback pathway  less Ach)
Clonidine (Catapres) EI Brimonidine (Alphagan P) Tizanidine (Zanaflex) Guanfacine (Intuniv) Dexmedetomidine (Precedex) Hypertensive crisis can occur if taken off drug abruptly due to up-regulation of receptors
Dobutamine MOA β1 agonist
Dobutamine SOA Heart Kidneys Brain
Dobutamine SE Increased heart rate and contractility Tachycardia / arrythmias Increased RAAS CNS stimulation
Dobutamine EI LOW dose: β1 selective HIGH dose: β1 > β2 > α1 Used in patients with systolic dysfunction and congestive heart failure
Metoprolol (Lopressor or Toprol) MOA Atenolol (Tenormin) Nebivolol (Bystolic) “MAN” SELECTIVE β1 antagonist “β1 beta-blockers”
Metoprolol (Lopressor or Toprol) SOA Atenolol (Tenormin) Nebivolol (Bystolic) “MAN” Heart Kidneys Brain
Metoprolol (Lopressor or Toprol) SE Atenolol (Tenormin) Nebivolol (Bystolic) “MAN” Decreased heart rate and contractility Fatigue / dizziness Bradycardia Decreased RAAS CNS depression
SABA: MOA Albuterol (Ventolin) Levalbuterol (Xopenex) LABA: Salmeterol Formoterol β2 agonist
SABA: SOA Albuterol (Ventolin) Levalbuterol (Xopenex) LABA: Salmeterol Formoterol Lungs Vasculature CNS
SABA: SE Albuterol (Ventolin) Levalbuterol (Xopenex) LABA: Salmeterol Formoterol Bronchial dilation Vasodilation Excitation
Propranolol (Inderal) MOA Pindolol (PARTIAL AGONIST) Timolol (Betimol) NON-SELECTIVE Beta-blockers β1 & β2 antagonist
Propranolol (Inderal) SOA Pindolol (PARTIAL AGONIST) Timolol (Betimol) Heart Kidneys Brain Lungs Vasculature
Propranolol (Inderal) SE Pindolol (PARTIAL AGONIST) Timolol (Betimol) Decreased heart rate and contractility Fatigue / dizziness Bradycardia Decreased RAAS CNS depression
Propranolol (Inderal) EI Pindolol (PARTIAL AGONIST) Timolol (Betimol) Mask symptoms of hypoglycemia -> no nervousness / tremors Propranolol given at low dose for anxiety (target β1 in brain) Contraindicated for asthma pts
Carvedilol (Coreg) MOA Labetalol (Trandate) β1 & β2 antagonist, & α1 antagonist
Carvedilol (Coreg) SOA Labetalol (Trandate) Heart Kidneys Brain Lungs Vasculature
Carvedilol (Coreg) SE Labetalol (Trandate) Decreased heart rate and contractility Fatigue / dizziness Bradycardia Decreased RAAS CNS depression
Carvedilol (Coreg) EI Labetalol (Trandate) Mask symptoms of hypoglycemia -> no nervousness / tremors Contraindicated for asthma pts
Mirabegron MOA β3 agonist
Mirabegron SOA Bladder
Mirabegron SE Relief for overactive bladder
Mirabegron EI Less side effects than muscarinic antagonists
Epinephrine MOA β1, β2 agonist (blood vessels)
Epinephrine SOA Heart and vasculature Adrenergic receptors
Epinephrine SE SNS activation
Epinephrine EI Low dose: β1 & β2 High dose: everything Used for shock (life support) / anaphylaxis Patients must be weaned off due to down regulation of receptors
Norepinephrine (Levophed) MOA α1, β1 agonist
Norepinephrine (Levophed) SOA Heart & vasculature
Norepinephrine (Levophed) SE Increase TPR, heart rate, contractility
Norepinephrine (Levophed) EI Used for shock (life support)
Isoproterenol MOA β1, β2 agonist (lungs)
Isoproterenol SOA Heart & lungs
Isoproterenol SE Hyperglycemia Palpitations Tachycardia Arrythmias
Isoproterenol EI Used for asthma (not 1st line), bradycardia, and heart block (AV)
Created by: jflaman
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