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ASTRO history figs

Historical Figures for ASTRO 291

NameInfo
Shen Kuo (1031 - 1095) differentiated magnetic and true North, made improvements to scientific instrumentation at the time
Thales of Miletus (624 - 526 BC) proposed natural forces were responsible for observed phenomena and the planets were not gods
Pythagoras of Samos (570 - 495 BC) believed Earth was a sphere, the Moon shines reflected light and revolves around the Earth
Aristotle (384 - 322 BC) proved Earth was a sphere, believed the geocentric model due to parallax, Moon is closer than the stars
Aristarchus of Samos (310 - 230 BC) believed the heliocentric model, tried to find the Sun and Moon's distances and diameters
Eratosthenes of Cyrene (276 - 194 BC) made the first accurate measurement for Earth's size
Hipparchus of Nicaea (190 - 120 BC) accurately measured Moon's angular diameter, ratio of Moon's distance and Earth's diameter, determined the year's length to 6 minutes
Posidonius of Rhodes (135 - 51 BC) slightly more accurate measurements of Earth's size and the Sun's size
Claudius Ptolemy of Alexandria (~90 - 168) wrote The Almagest, one of the most influential astronomical publications; made a geocentric model that made extremely accurate predictions
Hypatia of Alexandria (~360 - 415) invented the hydrometer, improved the work on conic sections and the position of celestial bodies
Abul-Abbas al Farghani (798 - 865) wrote Elements of Astronomy, the fundamental Middle Eastern and European textbook for 800 years
Abd al-Rahman Al-Sufi (903 - 984) published high-quality star catalogs, first recorded observations of extragalactic objects
Abu Ishaq al-Zarqali (1029 - 1100) determined the location of the Sun's greatest distance moved 12" per year, believed Mercury's orbit was more ovular than circular
Fakhr al-Din al-Razi (1150 - 1209) proposed the theory of multiple worlds and universes
Nasir al-Din al-Tusi (1201 - 1274) made the basis of modern spherical trigonometry, proposed the law of conservation of mass
Nicolaus Copernicus (1473 - 1543) believed the very accurate heliocentric model, distances of planets from the Sun
Tycho Brahe (1546 - 1601) determined length of year to 1 second, catalogued star and planet positions with an accuracy better than 1'
Johannes Kepler (1571 - 1630) three laws of planetary motion based on Brahe's work
Galileo Galilei (1564 - 1642) made various observations with telescopes, including Venus's phases, Jupiter's moons, Saturn's rings, and sunspots
Giovanni Cassini (1625 - 1712) Saturn's split ring and moons, refined measurement of Earth's eccentricity, parallax for Mars, helped determine size of the AU
Ole Roemer (1644 - 1710) Cassini's assistant, said speed of light was finite
Thomas Harriot (1550 - 1621) made the first scientific telescope observations, made detailed observations and maps of the lunar surface
Created by: emmamaee
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