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Ch. 4 Vocabulary
Human Geography
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| CULTURE | THE TOTAL KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIORS SHARED BY AND PASSED ON BY THE MEMBERS OF A SPECIFIC GROUP |
| SOCIETY | A GROUP THAT SHARES A GEOGRAPHIC REGION, A SENSE OF IDENTITY, AND A CULTURE |
| ETHNIC GROUP | SOMETIMES THIS TERM IS USED TO REFER TO A GROUP THAT SHARES A LANGUAGE, CUSTOMS, AND A COMMON HERITAGE |
| INNOVATION | TAKING EXISTING TECHNOLOGY AND RESOURCES AND CREATING SOMETHING NEW TO MEET A NEED |
| DIFFUSION | THE SPREAD OF IDEAS, INVENTIONS, OR PATTERNS OF BEHAVIOR TO DIFFERENT SOCIETIES |
| CULTURAL HEARTH | A SITE OF INNOVATION FROM WHICH BASIC IDEAS, MATERIALS, AND TECHNOLOGY DIFFUSE TO MANY CULTURES |
| ACCULTURATION | OCCURS WHEN A SOCIETY CHANGES BECAUSE IT ACCEPTS OR ADOPTS AN INNOVATION |
| DIALECT | VERSION OF LANGUAGE; REFLECTS CHANGES IN SPEECH PATTERNS RELATED TO CLASS, REGION, OR OTHER CULTURAL CHANGES |
| RELEGION | AN ASPECT OF CULTURE THAT HAS A GREAT DEAL OF INFLUENCE ON PEOPLES LIVES; INVOLVES BELIEF IN A SUPERNATURAL POWER(S), OR IN AN ULTIMATE REALITY, AS WELL AS EXPRESSION OF BELIEF IN PRACTICE |
| BIRTHRATE | THE NUMBER OF LIVE BIRTHS PER THOUSAND POPULATION |
| FERTILITY RATE | SHOWS THE AVERAGAE NUMBER OF CHILDREN A WOMEN OF CHILDBEARING YEARS WOULD HAVE IN HER LIFETIME |
| MORTALITY RATE | ALSO CALLED THE DEATH RATE, IS THE NUMBER OF DEATHS PER THOUSAND PEOPLE |
| INFANT MORTALITY RATE | SHOWS THE NUMBER OF DEATHS AMONG INFANTS UNDER THE AGE OF ONE PER THOUSAND LIVE BIRTHS |
| RATE OF NATURAL INCREASE | POPULATION GROWTH RATE |
| POPULATION PYRAMID | A GRAPHIC DEVICE THAT SHOWS SEX AND AGE DISTRIBUTION OF A POPLUTATION |
| PUSH-PULL FACTORS | REASIN FOR MIGRATING |
| POPULATION DENSITY | THE AVERAGE NUMBER OF PEOPLE WHO LIVE IN A MEASURABLE AREA, REACHED BY DIVIDING THE NUMBER OF INHABITANTS IN AN AREA DIVIDED BY THE AMOUNT OF LAND THE OCCUPY |
| CARRYING CAPACITY | THE NUMBER OF ORGANISMS A PIECE OF LAND CAN SUPPORT |
| STATE | AN INDEPENDENT UNIT THAT OCCUPIES A SPECIFIC TERRITORY AND HAS FULL CONTROL OF ITS INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL AFFAIRS |
| NATION | REFERS TO A GROUP OF PEOPLE WITH A COMMON CULTURE LIVING IN A TERRITORY AND HAVING A STRONG SENSE OF UNITY |
| NATION-STATE | WHEN A NATION AND A STATE OCCUPY THE SAME TERRITORY |
| DEMOCRACY | CITIZENS HOLD POLITICAL POWER, EITHER DIRECTLY OR THROUGH ELECTED REPRESENTATIVES |
| MONARCHY | A RULING FAMILY HEADED BY A KING OR QUEEN HOLD POLITICAL POWER AND MAY OR MAY NOT SHARE THE POWER WITH CITIZEN BODIES |
| DICTATORSHIP | AN INDIVIDUAL OR GROUP HOLD COMPLTE POLITICAL POWER |
| SOCIALISM | THE GOVERNMENT CONTROLS MOST OF A COUNTRYS MEANS OF PRODUCTION AND THE DISTRIBUTION OF GOODS AN SERVICES |
| COMMUNISM | THE GOVERNMENT OWNS AND MAKES ALL DECISIONS CONCERNING THE ECONOMY, HOLDS ALL POLITICAL POWER, AND DETERMINES THE DISTRIBUTION OF GOODS AND SERVICES |
| LANDLOCKED | A COUNTRY SURROUNDED BY OTHER AND WITH NO DIRECT OUTLET TO THE SEA |
| URBAN GEAGRAPHY | THE STUDY OF HOW PEOPLE USE SPACE IN CITIES |
| CITY | AND ARE THAT IS THE CENTER OF BUSINESS AND CULTURE AND HAS A LARGE POPULATION |
| SUBURBS | POLITICAL UNITS TOUCHING THE BORDERS OF THE CENTRAL CITY OR TOUCHING OTHER SUBURBS THAT TOUCH THE CITY |
| METROPOLITAN AREA | THE CITY, ITS SURBURBS, AND EXURBS LINK TOGETHER ECONOMICALLY TO FORM A FUNCTIONAL AREA |
| URBANIZATION | THE DRAMATIC USE IN THE NUBER OF CITIES AND THE CHANGES IN LIFESTAYLES THAT RESULT |
| CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT | THE CORE OF A CITY, WHICH IS ALMOST ALWYAS BASED ON A COMMERCIAL ACTIVITY |
| ECONOMY | THE PRODUCTION AND EXCHNAGE OF GOODS AND SERVICES AMONG A GROUP OF PEOPLE |
| ECONOMIC SYSTEM | THE WAY PEOPLE PRODUCE AND EXCHANFE GOODS AND SERVICES |
| COMAND ECONOMY | PRODUCTION OF GOODS AND SERVICES IS DETERMINED BY A CENTRAL GOVERNMENT, WHICH USUALLY OWNS THE MEAND OF PRODUCTIO |
| MARKET ECONOMY | PRODUCTION OF GOODS AND SERVICES IS DETERMINED BY THE DEMAND FROM CONSUMERS |
| NATURAL RESOURCES | MATERIALS ON OR IN THE EARTH THAT HAVE ECONOMIC VALUES |
| INFRASTRUCTURE | CONSISTS OF THE BASIC SUPPORT SYSTEMS NEEDED TO KEEP AN ECONOMY GOING |
| PER CAPITA INCOME | THE AVERAGE AMOUNT OF MONEY EARNED BY EACH PERSON IN A POLITICAL UNIT |
| GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT (GNP) | THE TOTAL VALUE OF ALL GOODS AND SERVICES PRODUCED BY A COUNTRY OVER A YEAR OR SOME OTHER SPECIFIED PERIOD OF TIME |
| OUTSOURCING | THE GNP MAY REFLECT THE VALUE OF GOODS OR SERVICES PRODUCED IN ONE COUNTRY BY A COMPANY BASED IN ANOTHER COUNTRY |
| GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT (GDP) | THE TOTAL VALUE OF ALL GOODS AND SERVICES PRODUCED WITHIN A COUNTRY IN A GIVEN PERIOD OF TIME |
| FREE-TRADE ZONES | AREAS IN WHICH THE EXCHANGE OF GOODS AND SERVICES AMONG NATIONS WITHOUT TRADE BARRIERS, SUCH AS TARIFFS |
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