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Equip/Devices/Mods

QuestionAnswer
Corset: how do they affect abdom pressures? How does it assist SCI, LBP and pregnancy? Inrc intra-ab pressure. Assists with respiration w/ SCI. Relieves pain with LBP. Acts as SI support during pregnancy.
Which TLSO is often used with compression fx? Jewett because it limits flexion and encourages hyperextension of spine.
Boston TLSO is often used for scoliosis. When do athletes use it? What other conditions can it be used with? Athletes during competition. Can also be used to treat spondylisthesis and conditions with severe trunk weakness such as muscular dystrophy
Which conditions do pts use resting splint(cock-up)? RA, fx of carpals, Colles' fx, carpal tunnel syndrome and stroke with paralysis
How does wrist-driven tendoesis orthosis (flexor hinge orthosis) work? which level of SCI is it usually used at? IT works by using wrist ext to approximate the thumb and forefingers(grip) in absence of finger flexion. Used with C6 quadriplegia
What are the orthotic cause and anatomic cause of a foot slap? Ortho: inad DF assist, or PF stop. Anatomic: flaccid or wk DF
What are the orthotic cause and anatomic cause of toes first at stance? Ortho: inad heel lift, DF assist, PF stop. Anatomic: Short leg, pes equinus, ext spasticity, heel pain
What are the orthotic cause and anatomic cause of foot flat contact? Ortho: inad traction of sole, inad DF stop. Anatomic: poor balance, pes calcaneus
What are the orthotic cause and anatomic cause of medial or lateral contact of floor first? Ortho: transverse plane malalignment. Anatomic: weak inverters, pes valgus/varus, genu valgum/varum
What are the orthotic cause and anatomic cause of excessive knee flexion or when knee buckles? Ortho: inadq knee lock, inade DF stop inad PF stop or inad contral shoe lift. Anatomic: knee pain, short contra leg, hip/knee flex contracture, weak quads, flexor synergy
What are the orthotic cause and anatomic cause of a hyperextended knee? Ortho: Genu recurvatum inad controlled by PF stop, excessively concave calf band, pes equines uncompensated by contra shoe lift, inad knee lock, Anatomic: Weak quads, lax knee ligs, ext synergy, pes equinus, short contra leg, contral knee/hip contracture
What are the orthotic cause and anatomic cause of a trunk lean? ortho: inade knee lock, anatomic: compensation for quad weakness, hip/knee flexion contracture
What are the orthotic cause and anatomic cause of backward trunk lean? Ortho: inad hip lock or knee lock. Anatomic: weakness of glut max on the stance leg, knee ankylosis
What are the orthotic cause and anatomic cause of a lateral trunk lean towards the stance leg with wt? ortho:Excessive ht of medial upright KAFO, excessive ab of hip with HKFO, insuff shoe lift. Anatomic: Weak glut med, abd contracture, dislocated hip, hip pain, poor balance, short leg.
What are the orthotic cause and anatomic cause of a wide walking base (heels more than 4inches apart)? ortho:Excessive ht of medial upright KAFO, excessive ab of hip with HKFO, insuff shoe lift. Anatomic: abd contracture, dislocated hip, hip pain, poor balance, short leg requires walking aid
What are the orthotic cause and anatomic cause of an interna or externall rotation of a limb? Ortho: upright incorrectly aligned in transverse plane, requires orthotic control. Anatomic: Internal/enternal hip rotator are spastic, ER/IR are weak, antetorsion, retroversion, weak quads, ER
What are the orthotic cause and anatomic cause of inade transfer of wt over forefoot? ortho: PF stop, inad DF stop. Anatomic: wewak PF, achilles tendon sprain or rupture, pes calcaneus(DF contracture), forefoot pain
What are the orthotic cause and anatomic cause of a toe drag? Ortho: inad DF assist, inad PF stop, knee lock, inad DF assist, inad PF stop. Anatomic: weak DF, PF spasticity, pes equinus(PF contracture), weak hip flexors, Extensor synergy, knee or ankle ankylosis, weak DFm pes equinus
What are the orthotic cause and anatomic cause of hip hiking? ortho: knee lock, inad DF assist, inad PF stop. Anatomic: short contral leg, contral knee or hip flexion contract, weak hip flexor, extensor synergy, knee or ankle ankylosis, weak DF
What are the orthotic cause and anatomic cause of vaulting? ortho: knee lock, inad DF assist, inad PF stop. Anatomic: weak hip flexors, extensor spasticity, pes equinus, short contral leg, contral knee or hip flexion contract, knee or ankle ankylosis, weak DF
With a partial foot prosthesis or sole may have what to aid in amb? May have convex rocker bar to aid in late stance phase of gait
What is the purpose of foot-ankle assembly with BK amp? It stimulates MTP hyperextension in later part of stance phase
What is the main disadvantage of a SACH? Not used over uneven terrain or long distances
With PTB what are the pressure relieving areas? over concavities such as anterior tibia, anterior tibial crest, fibular head and neck, peroneal (fib) N.
What areas are pressure tolerant? Patellar tendon, medial tibial plateau, tibial and fib shafts, and distal end of tibia
What is prescribed for individuals that require a constantly locked knee? manual lock is pin tat limits knee flexion and released by an unlocking lever
What does a friction brake do? incr friction during midstance to prevent knee flexion and permits smooth motion through he rest of the gait cycle
relieve areas for quadrilateral socket? adductor longus tendon, hamstring tendon, sciatc N, glut max and rectus femoris
What abnormal gait patterns will you see with the socket to far anterior with BK amps? excessive knee flexion, early flexion,
What abnormal gait patterns will you see with the socket to far posterior with BK amps? insufficient knee flexion, delayed knee flexion
with AK amps when do you see terminal impact inad friction; taut extension aid
With AK amps when do you see high heel rise inad friction; slack extension aid
What are the temps for contrast baths with hot/cold temps? What do youstart and end with?How long is the treatment? 104 deg for hot and 59 deg for cold. Start and end with hot.
What temp for full body immerison for hydrotherapy? shoud not exceed 100 deg
If cyrotherapy is applied for greater than 20mins what occurs? reflex vasodilation will occur with reddening of skin
Purpose of vapocoolant? reduces muscle spasm by desensitizing trigger points.
Ranges for frequency for US and when are they used? 3MHz for superficial and 1MHz deeper conditions
If tissue is high in fat or water content how does that affect the US penetration is? much deeper with less attenuation
More protein in tissueshow does that affect the US penetration is? US is absorbed more but less penetration
How many pounds are required for cervical distraction of vertebral bodies? 20-30 lbs
How many pounds is required to effect change at the spinal segments within the lumbar? 25-65 pounds
Neck positions for cervical traction: degrees to incr intervertebral space of C1-C4? C5-C7? degree of neck position for treating a disc dysfunction within cervical? 0-5 degrees for C1-C4. 20-30 degrees for C5-C&. 0 degrees for disc dysfunction.
Lumbar positions: Rx for stenosis? Posterior herniation of disc? Stenosis: supine hips/knee in 90/90 position. Posterior disc dysfuction: prone without pillow is the preferred posotion
What determines the setting for intermittent compression device? Pts blood pressure determines the settings. It never exceeds the pts DPB.
Intermittent compression rx frequency and duration? Used at least two hours per day or 2hrs of every 24 hours
CMP is not only for ROM but is also is for? inhibits adhesion formation, improves cartilage nutrition via better fluid mechanics and may stimulate chondrocytes.
What can be applied to a pt when on a tilt table to prevent venous pooling? abdominal binder or elastic wrap
What is the charge/pole and effect with ionto of salicylate? Cathode, decr pain
What is the charge/pole and effect with ionto of acetate? cathode, decr Ca+ deposits
What is the charge/pole and effect with ionto of dexamethasome? cathode, dcr inflammation
What is the charge/pole and effect with ionto of iodine? cathode, soften scars
What is the charge/pole and effect with ionto of hydrocortisone? anode, decr inflammation
What is the charge/pole and effect with ionto of lidocaine anode, decr pain
What is the charge/pole and effect with ionto of magnesium or calcium? anode, decr mm spasms
What is the charge/pole and effect with ionto of lithium? anode, rx gout
What is the charge/pole and effect with ionto of Zinc? anode, dermal ulcers
What is the charge/pole and effect with ionto of copper? anode,anti fungal
What does the impulses stimulate with TENS? Stimulates LARGE A-fibers to plock pain impulses
When is brief intense TENS proived pain relief for? procedures such as wound debridement, deep friction massage or passive stretching
When is HV anode poleused, promotes? wave form? used with NONinfected wounds, promotes epithelization, autolytic, reactiviation and pulsed wave
When is HV cathode used and promotes and wave? use when infection is present. It promotes antibac effects, used to inc granulation. Low intensity, DC continous
When is russian current use? high or low freq? used for strengthening of normal muscle by assisting with the muscle contraction during volitional activities such as isometric ex, short arc jt movements
What is interferential used for? pain relief and strengthening
If skin is senstive to burns with FES what size electrodes would you use? intensity? pulse? current? large electrodes, reduce intensity or an incr in pulse width may be indicated. AC is better tol than DC with skin sensitivities
What is the electrial test chronamimetry used for? what is a normal chronaxie? How long does it take for a neuron to degenerate(wallerian degen). Chronaximerty tests for electrical excitability of perpheral N. The chronaxie value is the amount of time that the current musht be on in order to produce a min contraction. Normal value is <1ms. it takes 7-10 days for neurons to degenerate.
When should a chronaxierty test be done? The lower number indicates? should be done after degernation/wallerian is complete. The lower the number of milliseconds the greater the nerve excitability.
If fibrillations potential are seen with an EMG what does that indicate? denervation
what is the average for UE & LE NCV in meters/sec?What does a NCV test assess? norm is UE: 60 m/secs LE: 50m/sec. NCV test assess peripheral nerve lesinos and neuropathies
Strength-duration curve: what does it test? what does the graph give an index of? tests the excitability in which the intensity of current required to produce min mm contraction. Graph index of electrical excitability.
IF the strength-duration curve is steep, continuous curves that are displaced to the R what does it indicate? If the curve is discontinuous it indicates? if steep and to the right: denervation. If discontinuous curve: partial denervation
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