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Pharm Chapter 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Drug | chemicals that act on living systems at the molecular level |
| Pharmacology | the study of drugs and their effects on living organisms |
| Pharmacodynamics | the study of the action of drugs on living organisms |
| Pharmacokinetics | the study of what the body does to a drug; the measurement of the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drug from the body. |
| Brand (trade) name | the manufacturer’s name, written with the first letter capitalized (e.g., Valium, Vazepam, Tylenol). |
| Generic name | name for the chemical makeup of a drug, written in lowercase, first letter NOT capitalized; Generic drugs marketed without brand names are less expensive than brand name drugs. |
| Contraindications | medical or physical conditions that make the drug inadvisable |
| Synergism | getting more than the desired effects when taking two drugs (1+1>2) (e.g., oxycodone + acetaminophen = Percocet) |
| Tolerance | decreased effect of a drug over time with the patient needing larger doses to achieve the same effect. |
| Toxicology | the study of the harmful effects of drugs on living tissues |
| Therapeutic effect | desired effect of a drugs |
| Efficacy | the maximum intensity of effect or response that can be produced by a drug |
| Chemically equivalent | when two formulations of a drug meet the chemical and physical standards |
| Biologically equivalent | when two formulations of a drug produce similar concentrations of the drug in the blood and tissues |
| Therapeutically equivalent | When two formulations of a drug prove to have equal therapeutic effects |
| Orphan drugs | drugs developed to specifically treat rare medical conditions |
| qd | once a day (quaque die) |
| bid | twice a day (bis in die) |
| tid | 3 times a day (ter in die) |
| qid | 4 times a day (quarter in die) |
| pc | after meals (post cebum) |
| ac | before meals (ante cebum) |
| po | by mouth (per os) |
| prn | as needed (pro re nata) |
| hs | at bedtime (hora somni) |
| Schedule I | Abuse potential: Highest EX> heroin, marijuana, hallucinogens Handling: No accepted medical use, experimental use, only in research |
| Schedule II | Abuse potential: High EX> oxycodone, morphine, amphetamine, secobarbital, hydrocodone Handling: Written prescription with provider's signature only, no refills, some states allow electronic prescription |
| Schedule III | Abuse potential: Moderate EX> codeine mixtures (Tylenol #3) Handling: Prescriptions may be faxed or sent electronically too the pharmacy; no more than 5 prescriptions in 6 months |
| Schedule IV | Abuse potential: Less EX> diazepam, tramadol Handling: prescriptions may be faxed or sent electronically to the pharmacy, no more than 5 prescriptions in 6 months |
| Schedule V | Abuse potential: Least EX> some codeine containing cough syrups Handing: over the counter in some states |
Created by:
m.osborne3
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