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Chapter 1
Introduction/general principals
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Drug | chemicals that act on living systems at the molecular |
| Pharmacology | the study of drugs and their effects on living organisms |
| Pharmacodynamics | the study of the action of drugs on living organisms |
| Pharmacokinetics | the study of what the body does to a drug; the measurement of the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drug from the body. |
| Brand (Trade) Name | the manufacturer’s name, written with the first letter capitalized (e.g., Valium, Vazepam, Tylenol). |
| Generic Name | name for the chemical makeup of a drug, written in lowercase, first letter NOT capitalized (e.g., diazepam for Valium or Vazepam, acetaminophen for Tylenol). Generic drugs marketed without brand names are less expensive than brand name drugs. |
| Contraindications | medical or physical conditions that make the drug inadvisable |
| Synergism | getting more than the desired effects when taking two drugs (1+1>2) (e.g., oxycodone + acetaminophen = Percocet) |
| Tolerance | decreased effect of a drug over time with the patient needing larger doses to achieve the same effect. |
| Toxicology | the study of the harmful effects of drugs on living tissues |
| Therapeutic Effect | desired effect of a drugs |
| Efficacy | is the maximum intensity of effect or response that can be produced by a drug |
| Chemically equivalent | when two formulations of a drug meet the chemical and physical standards |
| Biologically equivalent | when two formulations of a drug produce similar concentrations of the drug in the blood and tissues |
| Therapeutically equivalent | When two formulations of a drug prove to have equal therapeutic effects |
| Orphan drugs | drugs developed to specifically treat rare medical conditions |
| qd (latin) | once a day (quaque die) |
| bid (latin) | twice a day (bis in die) |
| tid (latin) | 3 times a day (ter in die) |
| qid (latin) | 4 times a day (quarter in die) |
| pc (latin) | after meals (post cebum) |
| ac (latin) | before meals (ante cebum) |
| po (latin) | by mouth (per os) |
| prn (latin) | as needed (pro re nata) |
| hs (latin) | at bedtime (hora somni) |
| Therapeutic Classification | What is affected by the drug |
| Pharmacological Classification | Broader classification based on the general therapeutic effects or use of the drug. Categorized into various classes based on their effects. |
| Mechanism Classification | Mechanism of action of the drug (specific thing the drug does on the molecular level) |
| Schedule I | Highest abuse potential, no accepted medical use |
| Schedule II | High abuse potential, written prescription with provider signature only, NO REFILLS |
| Schedule III | Moderate abuse potential, prescriptions faxed or electronically, up to 5 refills per 6 months |
| Schedule IV | Less abuse potential, prescriptions faxed or electronically, up to 5 refills per 6 months |
| Schedule V | Least abuse potential, bought over the counter |
Created by:
tommylai
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