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Module 1 Flashcards
Pharmacology Module 1 definitions, pharm. abbr., and Schedules
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Drug | Chemicals that act on living systems at the molecular level |
| Pharmacology | the study of drugs and their effects on living organisms |
| Pharmacodynamics | The study of the action of drugs on living organisms |
| Pharmacokinetics | The study of what the body does to a drug; the measurement of the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drug from the body. |
| Brand (trade) name | The manufacturer's name, written with the first letter capitalized (e.g., Valium, Vazepam, Tylenol) |
| Generic name | Name for the chemical makeup of a drug, written in lowercase, first letter NOT capitalized (e.g., diazepam for Valium or Vazepam, acetaminophen for Tylenol). Generic drugs marketed without brand names are less expensive than brand name drugs. |
| Contraindications | Medical or physical conditions that make the drug inadvisable |
| Synergism | Getting more than the desired effects when taking two drugs (1+1>2) (e.g., oxycodone + acetaminophen = Percocet) |
| Tolerance | Decreased effect of a drug over time with the patient needing larger doses to achieve the same effect |
| Toxicology | The study of the harmful effects of drugs on living tissues |
| Therapeutic effect | Desired effect of a drug |
| Efficacy | Is the maximum intensity of effect or response that can be produced by a drug |
| Chemically equivalent | When two formulations of a drug meet the chemical and physical standards |
| Biologically equivalent | When two formulations of a drug produce similar concentrations of the drug in the blood and tissues |
| Orphan drugs | Drugs developed to specifically treat rare medical conditions |
| qd | once a day (quaque die) |
| bid | twice a day (bis in die) |
| tid | 3 times a day (ter in die) |
| qid | 4 times a day (quarter in die) |
| pc | after meals (Post cebum) |
| ac | before meals (ante cebum) |
| po | by mouth (per os) |
| prn | as needed (pro re nata) |
| hs | at bedtime (hora somni) |
| Schedule I | Highest abuse potential, no accepted medical use. ex: marijuana, cocaine, heroin, hallucinogens. |
| Schedule II | High abuse potential, requires prescription, must be written in pen or typed, cannot be telephoned to pharmacist and cannot be refilled. ex: oxycodone, morphine, amphetamine, secobarbital, hydrocodone immediate-release, hydrocodone extended-release. |
| Schedule III | Moderate abuse potential, requires prescription. May be faxed or sent electronically (telephoned) to pharmacist, no more than 5 prescriptions (refills) in 6 months. ex: codeine mixtures (Tylenol #3) |
| Schedule IV | Less abuse potential. Prescriptions may be faxed or sent electronically (telephoned) to the pharmacy, no more than 5 prescriptions (refills) in 6 months. ex: diazepam (Valium), tramadol (Ultram). |
| Schedule V | Least abuse potential. Can be bought over-the-counter in some states. ex: some codeine-containing cough syrup. |
Created by:
sm05
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