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PS Unit 1
Atomic Structure, Periodic Table, Bonding, Balancing
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Atom | The smallest particle of an element; made of electrons, protons, and neutrons |
| Atomic Mass | The mass of an atom, approximately equal to the number of protons and neutrons in the atom |
| Atomic Number | The number of protons in the nucleus of one atom of an element |
| Bond | Any of several forms of electrostatic attraction between atoms that hold the atoms together |
| Charged Particle | A particle with either positive or negative electrical charge |
| Chemical Equation | Chemical formulas and symbols written to represent a reaction |
| Chemical Symbol | A one- or two-letter notation used to represent an atom of a particular element |
| Coefficient | A number placed in front of a chemical symbol or formula that represents the number of molecules |
| Covalent Bond | A form of chemical bonding that is characterized by the sharing of pairs of electrons between atoms |
| Electron | A negatively charged subatomic particle located in the electron cloud; involved in the formation of chemical bonds |
| Electron Cloud | The area surrounding the nucleus of an atom where the electrons are found |
| Element | A pure substance composed of the same type of atom throughout |
| Ionic Bond | A form of chemical bonding that is characterized by the electrostatic attraction that binds oppositely charged ions together |
| Ions | Atoms that acquire an overall net charge as a result of the loss or gain of electrons |
| Isotopes | Atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons |
| Law of Conservation of Matter | Scientific law stating that the mass of all reactants must equal the mass of all products; matter is neither created nor destroyed |
| Luster | A physical property that describes the way the surface of a substance shines or reflects light, ranging between metallic (shiny) and nonmetallic (dull) |
| Malleability | A physical property that describes the ability of a material to be permanently reshaped without breaking or cracking |
| Metalloids | Elements that have properties of both metals and nonmetals; sometimes referred to as semiconductors |
| Metals | Elements that are typically solid, shiny, malleable, and good conductors of heat and electricity; includes most elements |
| Neutron | A neutrally charged subatomic particle located in the nucleus of an atom; contributes to the mass of the atom |
| Nonmetal | Elements that are typically not shiny, not malleable, and poor conductors of heat and electricity; usually gases or brittle solids |
| Nucleus | The tiny, very dense, positively charged region in the center of an atom that is made up of protons and neutrons |
| Periods | The rows in a periodic table that classify the elements by the number of electron shells |
| Proton | A positively charged subatomic particle located in the nucleus of an atom; contributes to the mass of the atom |
| Reactant | A substance that takes part in and undergoes change during a chemical reaction |
| Product | A substance produced during a chemical reaction |
| Subatomic Particles | Particles that are smaller than the atom |
| Subscript | A number written below and to the right of a chemical symbol that shows the number of a specific type of atom present |
| Valence Electrons | The electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom that influence how an element will react with other substances |
Created by:
schristensen
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