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AP Psych Unit 1 Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the 3 elements of a scientific attitude for psychology? | Curiosity, Humility, Skepticism |
| In your own words, define: Hindsight Bias, Overconfidence, Confirmation Bias. | Hindsight- after an event occurred to overestimate the extent to which the outcome Confirmation- gathering evidence that confirms preexisting expectations Overconfidence- overestimation of one’s actual ability to perform a task successfully |
| What is a hypothesis? | A prediction |
| What are operational definitions AND why are they needed? | Step by step instructions it is needed to replicate an experiment |
| What are the pros and cons of a survey? | Pros- cheap, quick info Cons- self report bias |
| What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative data? | Qualitative- words Quantitative- numerical data |
| What scale is often used to obtain qualitative data? | Likert Scales |
| What is meant by reliability? | Consistency |
| What is meant by validity? | Accuracy |
| 10. Why must samples be random and representative? | So that they represent the whole population, and each member of the population has the same chance of being chosen. |
| What is convenience sampling? | Sampling Bias |
| Why are peer review and replication important in psychology? | evaluation by members in the field |
| Does non-experimental research show cause and effect? | No |
| Identify the three methods of non-experimental research? | Case Study Meta Analysis Naturalistic Observation |
| Identify Pros and Cons of Case Studies? | Pros- details of subjects, unethical Cons- no correlational data |
| Identify Pros and cons of Meta-Analysis? | Pros- accuracy Cons- conflicting studies can lead to confusion |
| Identify Pros and Cons of Naturalistic Obeservation? | Pros- Natural environment Cons- people could act different when they know they are being watched |
| What is a correlational coefficient? What defines a perfect correlation? | Closer to -1 or +1 the stronger it is |
| What is the third (or missing variable) problem? | The confounding variable |
| What is illusory correlation? | Perceiving a relationship where none exists or perceiving a stronger than actual relationship |
| Identify and define the two types of variables within an experiment. | Independent variable- manipulated Dependent variable- measured |
| Which of the above is most impacted by outliers? | Mean |
| Identify and explain the two measures of variability. | Range, standard deviation |
| What is meant by regression towards the mean? | Points on the graph are close to the avg |
| What is generalizability? | The ability to apply data to other studies |
| Why are ethics important to psychological research? | To keep people safe and so ppl are treated humanely. |
| Give four examples of ethical guidelines. | Informed consent Protection from harm & discomfort Confidentiality Debriefing |
Created by:
ryliemadsen
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