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awl complete
the academic wordlist complete
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| adjacent | near, next to, adjoining |
| enormous | very large |
| odd | strange or unusual |
| albeit | although |
| forthcoming | about to appear; available when needed; communicative |
| ongoing | being in process; continuing |
| assemble | to put or bring together |
| incline | to slope or lean |
| panel | a group of people gathered for a special purpose to discuss an issue |
| collapse | Complete failure and ruin |
| integrity | (n.) honesty, high moral standards; an unimpaired condition, completeness, soundness |
| persist | to continue steadily in a course of action, refuse to stop or be changed; to last, remain |
| colleague | co-worker |
| intrinsic | (adj.) belonging to someone or something by its very nature, essential, inherent; originating in a bodily organ or part |
| pose | to create a threat, problem, etc. that has to be dealt with |
| compile | assemble; gather; accumulate; make (a report or a book) from facts and information found in various places; Ex. compile a dictionary |
| invoke | to call on for support |
| reluctance | unwillingness to do something |
| conceive | To come up with, imagine |
| levy | Impose or raise a tax |
| so-called | commonly described as |
| convince | make (someone) agree, understand, or realize the truth or validity of something |
| likewise | (adv) also, in addition to; similarly, in the same way |
| straightforward | direct and clear |
| depress | to make sb sad and without enthusiasm or hope |
| nonetheless | despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession) |
| undergo | to endure; to experience |
| encounter | A brief or an unexpected meeting |
| notwithstanding | in spite of, despite |
| whereby | by which; because of which |
| accommodation | an area or space where people can do a particular job or activity |
| analogous | similar to another situation, process etc so that the same things are true of or relevant to both |
| anticipate | to imagine or expect that something will happen |
| assurance | a promise OR confidence |
| attain | to succeed in achieving something, especially after a lot of effort |
| on behalf of | instead of someone, or as a representative of someone |
| bulk | something that is very large, wide, and solid |
| cease | to stop something |
| coherence | the situation when the parts of something fit together in a natural or reasonable way |
| coincide | to happen at or near the same time or be similar |
| commence | to begin something |
| incompatible | not able to work or exist together because of basic differences |
| concurrent | happening or existing at the same time |
| confine | to limit an activity, person, or problem in some way |
| controversy | a lot of disagreement or argument about something, usually because it affects or is important to many people |
| conversely | used for introducing a sentence, or part of a sentence, which says something that is the opposite of the other part |
| device | a machine or piece of equipment that does a particular thing |
| devoted | containing or dealing with one particular thing |
| diminished | reduced in amount, size, or importance |
| distortion | a change that makes something no longer true or accurate |
| duration | the period of time during which something continues to happen or exist |
| erosion | the process by which the surface of land or rock is gradually damaged by water, wind etc and begins to disappear |
| ethical | involving the principles used for deciding what is right and what is wrong |
| format | the arrangement, design, or organization of something |
| found | to start an organization, company, political party, country etc |
| inherent | existing as a natural or basic part of something |
| insight | a clear, deep, and sometimes sudden understanding of a complicated problem or situation |
| integral | forming an essential part of something and needed to make it complete |
| intermediate | being between two other related things, levels, or points |
| manual | a book containing instructions for doing something, especially for operating a machine |
| mature | behaving in the sensible way that you would expect an adult to behave. This is usually used about children and young people |
| mediation | to try to end a disagreement between two people or groups |
| medium | being in the middle between an upper and lower amount, size, degree, or value |
| military | relating to armies or armed forces and the way in which they are organized |
| minimal | extremely small in amount or degree, or as small as possible |
| mutual | belonging to or true of two or more people |
| norm | an accepted standard or a way of behaving or doing things that most people agree with |
| overlap | to cover something partly by going over its edge; to cover part of the same space |
| passive | not acting to influence or change a situation; allowing other people to be in control |
| portion | a part or share of something larger |
| preliminary | coming before a more important action or event, especially introducing or preparing for it |
| protocol | a set of rules for the correct way to provide a medical treatment or do a scientific experiment |
| qualitative research | a type of research that aims to find out people's opinions and feelings rather than information that can easily be shown in numbers |
| refine | to make small changes to something in order to improve it |
| relaxed | a situation, attitude, or feeling that is calm, informal, and comfortable |
| restraint | something that limits the freedom of someone or something, or that prevents something from growing or increasing |
| revolution | a sudden or major change, especially in ideas or methods |
| rigid | not easily changed |
| route | a particular way or direction between places OR a method of achieving something |
| scenario | a situation that could possibly happen |
| sphere | an object shaped like a round ball |
| subordinate | less important than something else |
| supplementary | additional |
| suspend | to officially stop something for a short time |
| team | a group of people who work or play sport together |
| temporary | existing, done, or used for only a limited period of time |
| trigger | to cause something to start |
| unify | to bring together; combine |
| violation | an action that is in opposition to a law, agreement, principle etc |
| vision | the ability to think about and plan for the future, using intelligence and imagination, especially in politics and business |
| abandon | to leave a place, thing, or person, usually for ever |
| accompanied | to go with someone or to be provided or exist at the same time as something |
| accumulation | the process by which something increases in amount or is collected together over time |
| ambiguous | not clear and therefore capable of being understood in more than one way |
| appendix | a section giving extra details at the end of a book, part of a book, or document |
| appreciation | the ability to understand the true nature of a situation, and realize why it is important or serious |
| arbitrary | based on chance rather than being planned or based on reason |
| automatically | without conscious thought or intention, especially because of habit |
| bias | an attitude that you have that makes you treat someone in a way that is unfair or different from the way you treat other people |
| chart | a list, drawing, or graph showing information in a way that is easy to understand |
| clarity | the quality of being clear and easy to understand |
| conformity | behaviour that is acceptable because it is similar to the behaviour of everyone else |
| commodity | a substance or product that can be traded, bought, or sold |
| complement | to make something seem better or more attractive when combining with it |
| contemporary | existing or happening now |
| contradiction | a difference in two or more statements, ideas, stories etc that makes it impossible for both or all of them to be true |
| crucial | extremely important or necessary |
| currency | the system of money used in a particular country |
| denote | to represent something |
| detect | to notice something that is partly hidden or not clear |
| deviation | a difference from what is usual or expected |
| displacement | the weight of liquid that is forced out of position by an object that is floating on or in it |
| dramatic | sudden and surprising or easy to notice |
| eventually | at the end of a process or period of time in which many things happen |
| exhibit | to show something publicly |
| exploitation | the process of making use of something or someone so that you gain as much as possible from it |
| fluctuation | frequent changes in the amount, value, or level of something |
| guidelines | official instructions or advice about how to do something |
| highlight | to attract attention to or emphasize something important |
| implicit | suggested but not communicated directly |
| induce | to cause something to happen |
| inevitably | used for saying that something is certain to happen and cannot be prevented |
| infrastructure | the set of systems within a place or organization that affect how well it operates, for example the telephone and transport systems in a country |
| inspection | an official process of checking that things are in the correct condition or that people are doing what they should |
| intensity | strength |
| manipulation | behaviour that influences someone or controls something in a clever or dishonest way |
| minimize | to reduce something harmful or unpleasant to the smallest amount or degree |
| nuclear | relating to energy produced by changing the structure of the central part of an atom |
| offset | to balance the effect of something, with the result that there is no advantage or disadvantage |
| paragraph | a short part of a text, consisting of at least one sentence and beginning on a new line. It usually deals with a single event, description, idea, etc. |
| plus | used for describing an advantage or positive quality that something has |
| practitioner | someone who works in a particular profession |
| predominantly | mainly, or mostly |
| prospect | the possibility that something will happen, especially something good |
| radical | believing or expressing the belief that there should be great or extreme social or political change |
| random | chosen or happening without any particular method, pattern, or purpose |
| reinforce | to make an idea, belief, or feeling stronger |
| restore | to cause a particular situation to exist again, especially a positive one |
| revision | the work of studying for an examination |
| schedule | a plan of activities or events and when they will happen |
| tension | a situation in which opposing aims, ideas, or influences cause problems |
| termination | the act of ending something or the end of something |
| theme | the main subject of a talk, book, film, etc. |
| thereby | as a result of this action |
| uniform | the same; not changing or different in any way |
| vehicle | a machine that you travel in or on, especially one with an engine that travels on roads, for example a car, bus, van, truck, or motorcycle |
| via | using a particular method or person to send or deliver something |
| virtually | used for emphasizing that a statement is almost completely true |
| widespread | happening or existing in many places, or affecting many people |
| visual | relating to seeing |
| adaptation | the process of changing something so that it can be used for a different purpose |
| adult | a person or animal that has grown to full size and strength |
| advocate | to publicly support or suggest an idea, development, or way of doing something |
| aid | help or support |
| channel | to direct something into a particular place or situation |
| chemical | any basic substance that is used in or produced by a reaction involving changes to atoms or molecules |
| classical | following the original or traditional standard for something |
| comprehensive | including many details or aspects of something |
| comprise | to consist of two or more things |
| confirmed | proved and therefore known to be true or accurate |
| contrary | the opposite |
| convert | to change from one system, use, or method to another, or to make something do this |
| couple | two things or people of the same type |
| decade | a period of ten years, especially a period such as 2010 to 2019 |
| definite | fixed, certain, or clear |
| deny | to say that something is not true |
| differentiation | the act of seeing or showing a difference between things |
| disposal | the act of getting rid of something, especially by throwing it away |
| dynamic | very lively and enthusiastic, with a lot of energy and determination OR continuously changing, growing, or developing |
| eliminate | to get rid of something that is not wanted or needed |
| empirical | based on real experience or scientific experiments rather than on theory |
| equipment | the set of necessary tools, clothing, etc. for a particular purpose |
| extract | to get the exact information that you need from a lot of information that you have |
| file | a set of papers, documents, or records that you keep because they contain information |
| finite | having a limit or end |
| foundation | the most basic part of something from which the rest of it develops |
| global | relating to the whole world |
| grade | a level of quality or importance |
| guarantee | to make it certain that something will happen or exist |
| hierarchical | arranged in an order from the most to the least important |
| identical | exactly the same |
| ideology | a system of ideas and principles on which a political or economic theory is based |
| infer | to form an opinion about something that is based on information that you already have |
| innovation | the use of a new idea or method |
| insert | to put something inside something else |
| intervention | a situation in which someone becomes involved in a particular issue, problem etc in order to influence what happens |
| isolated | happening only once, or existing only in one place |
| media | the internet, newspapers, magazines, television, etc., considered as a group |
| mode | a particular way of doing something |
| paradigm | a set of ideas that are used for understanding or explaining something, especially in a particular subject |
| phenomenon | something that exists and can be seen, felt, tasted, etc., especially something unusual or interesting |
| priority | something that is very important and must be dealt with before other things |
| prohibit | to officially refuse to allow something |
| publication | the process of producing a book, magazine etc for people to buy |
| quotation | words from a book, play, film etc that you mention when you are speaking or writing |
| release | to give freedom or free movement to someone or something |
| reverse | to change the order or development of events, a process, or a situation to be the opposite of what it wa |
| simulation | something that produces the features of a situation in a way that seems real but is not |
| solely | involving nothing except the person or thing mentioned |
| somewhat | to some degree |
| submit | to formally give something to someone so that they can make a decision about it |
| successive | happening one after the other without any break |
| survive | to stay alive despite an injury, illness, war etc |
| thesis | a long piece of writing that is the final part of an advanced university degree |
| topic | a subject that is discussed, written about, or studied |
| transmission | the process of passing something from one person or place to another |
| ultimately | used to emphasize the most important fact in a situation |
| unique | very special, unusual, or good |
| visible | clear, obvious, or noticeable |
| voluntary | done, made, or given willingly, without being forced or paid to do it |
| flexible | adj. able to change to suit new conditions or situations; able to bend easily without breaking |
| initiate | v. to make something begin; synonym: set/put in motion; |
| cooperate | v. to work together with somebody else in order to achieve something; |
| intelligent | adj. good at learning, understanding and thinking in a logical way about things; showing this ability; |
| acknowledge | v. to accept that something is true; |
| aggregate | n. a total number or amount made up of smaller amounts that are collected together; |
| allocate | v. to give something officially to somebody/something for a particular purpose; |
| assign | to give somebody something that they can use, or some work or responsibility; |
| underlie | v. to be the basis or cause of something; |
| attach | v. to create literal, social, or emotional ties; |
| author | n. writer; one who originates, causes, or initiates: |
| accurate | adj. conforming exactly or almost exactly to fact or to a standard; |
| bond | n. something that forms a connection between people or groups, such as a feeling of friendship or shared ideas and experiences; |
| brief | adj. concise and succinct; a condensed written summary or abstract; |
| capable | adj. having the ability or qualities necessary for doing something; |
| cite | v. to mention something as a reason or an example, or in order to support what you are saying; |
| display | v. to show or exhibit something publicly; |
| discriminate | v. to recognize that there is a difference between people or things; to show a difference between people or things; |
| diverse | adj. distinctly dissimilar or unalike; many; varied; |
| People from _______ cultures were invited to the event. | |
| Participants from ______ fields were involved in the project. | |
| domain | n. an area of knowledge or activity; especially one that somebody is responsible for; |
| Sorry, I can't answer that question; it's outside my ______. | |
| Sensitive information should not be released into the public domain. | |
| (= be available for everyone to use or to discuss) | |
| edit | v. to prepare a piece of writing, a book, etc. to be published by correcting the mistakes, making improvements to it, etc.; |
| This is the ____ed version of her speech (= some parts have been taken out). | |
| You can download the file and ____ it on your computer. | |
| (= make to the text on screen) | |
| enhance | v. to make better or more attractive; |
| The runner says he's never used steroids to _______ his performance. | |
| The charity's aim is to defend and _______ the rights of children with minority ethnicity. | |
| estate | n. extensive landed property (esp. in the country) retained by the owner for his own use; major social class or order; |
| The poet's childhood was spent on a country ______. | |
| n. the business of selling houses or land for building; | |
| Tony works in real ______, showing properties to interested buyers. | |
| exceed | v. to be greater than a particular number or amount; |
| The price will not ______ €200. | |
| The aircraft ______ed the speed of sound. | |
| Demand for the product vastly ______ed the company's expectations. | |
| expert | n. a person with special knowledge, skill or training in something; |
| The company hired a legal ______ to advise them. | |
| Dr. Dorman is an ______ in the field of child psychology. | |
| explicit | adj. clear and easy to understand, so that you have no doubt what is meant; |
| She gave me very ______ directions on how to get there. | |
| The author _______ly refers to plastic toys as a source of pollution. | |
| federal | adj. having a system of government in which the individual states of a country have control over their own affairs, but are controlled by a central government for national decisions, etc.; |
| Like the USA, Germany is a _______ republic. | |
| The _______ government is responsible for defence and foreign policy; state governments look after health and education. | |
| fee | n. an amount of money that you pay for professional advice or services; |
| Customers pay an annual ___ for the service. | |
| The solicitor's ___s were so high that they had to remortgage their house. | |
| abstract | adj. based on general ideas and not on any particular real person, thing or situation; |
| We may talk of beautiful things but beauty itself is an ________ concept. | |
| The research shows that pre-school children are indeed capable of thinking in ________ terms. | |
| furthermore | adv. in addition to what has just been stated; (used especially to add a point to an argument); |
| He said he would not discuss the matter with his friends. ___________, he agreed not to disclose any information to the media. | |
| gender | n. the fact of being male or female, especially when considered with reference to social and cultural differences; |
| issues of class, race and ______ | |
| The government is working on tackling ______ inequalities in employment. | |
| ignore | v. to pay no attention to something; |
| (synonym: disregard) | |
| He ______d all the 'No Smoking' signs and lit up a cigarette. | |
| I made a suggestion but they chose to ______ it. | |
| We cannot afford to _______ the scientists' advice. | |
| incentive | n. something that encourages you to do something; |
| There is no _________ for people to save fuel. | |
| There is an added _________ for customers to buy items online; delivery is free. | |
| incidence | n. the extent to which something happens or has an effect; |
| Unfortunately, it has a reputation as an area with a high _________ of crime. | |
| There is a greater _________ of cancer in the families of radiation workers. | |
| incorporate | v. to include something so that it forms a part of something else; |
| We have ___________d all the latest safety features into the design. | |
| This new data is now ___________d in the total figures. | |
| index | n. an alphabetical listing of names or topics that are referred to in a book; |
| Look it up in the _____ at the end of the book. | |
| The detailed _____ lists all the historical characters referred to in the book. | |
| inhibit | v. to prevent something from happening or make it happen more slowly or less frequently than normal; |
| A lack of oxygen may _______ brain development in the unborn child. | |
| Alcohol significantly _______s a driver's ability to react. | |
| input | n. time, knowledge, ideas, etc. that you put into work, a system, etc. in order to make it succeed; |
| Her specialist _____ to the discussions has been very useful. | |
| Barley is one of the main _____s to the process of whiskey distillation. | |
| instruct | v. give directions for a task; impart skills or knowledge; |
| The letter ________ed him to report to headquarters immediately. | |
| All our staff have been ________ed in first aid. | |
| interval | n. a period of time between two events; |
| Except for an ________ in the 17th century, Britain has been a monarchy since the early medieval age. | |
| He knocked on the door and after a brief ________ it was opened. | |
| lecture | n. a talk that is given to a group of people to teach them about a particular subject, often as part of a university or college course |
| We need to attend a _______ in the McMunn theatre; | |
| Professor Flynn gave a series of _______s on this topic last semester. | |
| migrate | v. (of birds, animals, etc.) to move from one part of the world to another according to the season; |
| Swallows _______ south in winter. | |
| v. (of a lot of people) to move from one town, country, etc. to go and live and/or work in another; | |
| Thousands were forced to _______ from rural to urban areas in search of work. | |
| ministry | a government department that has a particular area of responsibility; |
| The M_______ of Agriculture has issued the following statement. | |
| A spokesman for the Ministry of Defence has confirmed the allegations. | |
| motive | n. a reason for doing something; |
| There seemed to be no ______ for the murder. | |
| He have an ulterior ______ in offering to help her. | |
| neutral | adj. not supporting or helping either side in a disagreement, competition, etc. |
| (synonym: impartial, unbiased); | |
| Journalists are supposed to be politically _______. | |
| I didn't take my father's or my mother's side; I tried to remain _______. | |
| nevertheless | adv. despite something that you have just mentioned; (synonym: nonetheless) |
| There is little chance that we will succeed in changing the law. N___________, it is important that we try. | |
| overseas | adj. connected with foreign countries, especially those separated from your country by the sea or ocean; |
| There are hundreds of ________ visitors to Galway every year. | |
| This was her first ________ trip as prime minister | |
| precede | v. to happen before something or come before something/somebody in order; |
| The years ______ing the first world war saw huge military investment. | |
| His resignation was ______d by weeks of speculation. | |
| presume | v. to suppose that something is true, although you do not have actual proof; |
| (synonym: assume) | |
| They are very expensive, I _______? | |
| Little is known of the youngest son; it is _______d that he died young. | |
| rational | adj. (of behaviour, ideas, etc.) based on reason rather than emotions; |
| There is no ________ explanation for his actions. | |
| We need to have a clear, ________ argument to persuade them not to proceed. | |
| recover | v. return to a normal (healthy or pleasant) state after an unusual or unpleasant experience or illness; |
| It took her weeks to _______ from the shock. | |
| The economy is at last beginning to _______ from the recession. | |
| They have _______ed part of the crashed aeroplane from the sea. | |
| scope | n. the opportunity or ability to do or achieve something (synonym: potential); |
| There's still plenty of _____ for improvement. | |
| Her job offers very little _____ for promotion. | |
| n. the range of things that a subject, an organisation, an activity, etc. deals with; | |
| This subject lies beyond the _____ of our investigation. | |
| reveal | v. to make something known to somebody; (synonym: disclose) |
| to _______ a secret | |
| Her expression ______ed nothing. | |
| The identity of the buyer has not been ______ed. | |
| The report ______ed that the company made a loss of £20 million. | |
| subsidy | n. money that is paid by a government or an organization to reduce the costs of services or of producing goods so that their prices can be kept low; |
| The company would not have survived if it hadn't received such a huge _______. | |
| The Arts Council granted the theatre company a small _______. | |
| trace | n. a mark, an object or a sign that shows that somebody/something existed or was present; |
| It's exciting to discover _____s of earlier civilisations. | |
| The aircraft vanished without a _____. | |
| n. a very small amount of something; | |
| The post-mortem revealed _____s of poison in his stomach. | |
| tape | n. a long, narrow piece of material with a sticky substance on one side that is used for sticking things together; |
| They used double-sided ____ to fix the carpet in place. | |
| n. a long, thin piece of magnetic material, used for recording sounds, etc. | |
| Twenty years ago he was caught on ____ in a very embarrassing situation. | |
| transform | v. to change the form of something; to change in form (synonym: convert) |
| Photochemical reactions _________ light into electrical impulses. | |
| Technology has _________ed the way we communicate with one another. | |
| transport | n. the act of carrying from one place to another |
| Many people find public _________ too unreliable in Ireland. | |
| The _________ of goods for export and import is carried out by freight companies. | |
| utilize | v. to use something, especially for a practical purpose; |
| (synonym: make use of) | |
| The Romans were the first to _______ concrete as a building material. | |
| The resources at our disposal could have been better _______d. | |
| minimum | n. smallest possible quantity; |
| Costs should be kept to a _______. | |
| Trade unions have called for an increase in the _______ wage. | |
| adv. (used after amounts to show that the amount is the lowest possible) | |
| You'll need €500 _______ for your European holiday expenses. | |
| academic | relating to education, especially education in colleges and universities |
| adjustment | a change in something that makes it better, more accurate, or more effective |
| alter | to make something or someone different |
| amendment | a change or changes made to the words of a text |
| aware | knowing about a situation or a fact |
| capacity | the ability to do something |
| challenge | something that needs great mental or physical effort in order to be done successfully and therefore tests a person's ability |
| clause | a particular part of a written legal document |
| compound | something consisting of two or more different parts |
| conflict | a situation in which it is difficult for two things to exist together or be true at the same time |
| consultation | discussion between people or groups before they make a decision |
| contact | communication between people, countries, or organizations either by talking or writing |
| decline | to gradually become less, worse, or lower |
| discretion | the right or ability to make a judgment or decision |
| draft | not in a final form and likely to be changed |
| enable | to give someone the ability or opportunity to do something |
| energy | the power and ability to be physically and mentally active |
| enforcement | the process of making sure that something happens, especially that people obey a law or rule |
| entity | a separate unit that is complete and has its own character |
| equivalent | having the same amount, value, purpose, qualities |
| evolution | a gradual process of change and development |
| expansion | the increase of something in size, number, or importance |
| exposure | the fact of experiencing something or being affected by it because of being in a particular situation or plac |
| external | coming from outside a place or organization |
| facilitate | to make something possible or easier |
| fundamental | forming the base, from which everything else develops |
| generate | to cause something to exist |
| generation | a group of people in society who are born and live around the same time |
| image | a picture in your mind or an idea of how someone or something is |
| liberal | respecting and allowing many different types of beliefs or behaviour |
| licence | an official document that gives someone permission to do or use something |
| logic | a particular way of thinking, especially one that is reasonable and based on good judgment |
| marginal | not considered important or relevant |
| medical | related to the treatment of illness and injuries |
| mental | existing in the mind |
| modify | to change something slightly, especially in order to improve it or to make it less extreme |
| monitor | to regularly check something or watch someone in order to find out what is happening |
| network | a large system consisting of many similar parts that are connected together to allow movement or communication between the parts |
| notion | a belief or idea |
| objective | something that you plan to achieve, especially in business or work |
| orientation | the particular interests, aims, and emphasis of a business, political group, or other organization |
| perspective | a particular way of considering something |
| precise | exact and accurate |
| prime | main or most important |
| psychology | the study of the mind and how it affects behaviour |
| pursue | to follow a course of activity |
| ratio | a relationship between the sizes of two numbers or amounts |
| reject | to refuse to accept, use, or believe something or someone |
| revenue | income from business activities or taxes |
| stability | a situation in which something is not likely to move or change |
| style | the individual way that someone behaves and does things |
| substitution | the use of one person or thing instead of another |
| sustainable | capable of continuing for a long time at the same level or using methods that do not harm the environment |
| symbolic | representing something important |
| target | an object that you have to hit in a game or a sport |
| transition | the process of changing from one situation, form, or state to another |
| trend | a general development or change in a situation or in the way that people are behaving |
| version | a form of something that is different from other forms or from the original |
| welfare | care provided by the state or another organization for people in need |
| whereas | used for comparing two things, people, situations etc and showing that there is an important difference between them |
| alternative | (adj/n) a different choice |
| circumstance | (n) a condition or fact that affects a situation |
| comment | (v/n) something that you say or write that shows what you think about something |
| compensate | (v) to give money or something of value to someone in return for something (such as work) or as payment for something lost, damaged, etc. |
| component | (n) one of the parts of something, especially a machine |
| consent | (v/n) agreement or permission |
| considerable | (adj) large in number or amount |
| constant | (adj) happening all the time or very often over a period of time (n) something that does not change |
| constrain | (v) to control something by limiting it |
| contribute | (v) to give (something, such as money, goods, or time) to help a person, group, cause, or organisation (+ to/toward...) |
| convene | (v) to arrange a meeting, or to meet for a meeting |
| coordinate | (v) to act or work together properly and well |
| core | (n) the central part of something; the most important or basic part of something |
| corporate | (n) involving or associated with a corporation |
| correspond | (v) to be the same or very similar; to communicate with someone |
| criteria | (n) rules by which something is judged |
| deduce | (v) to form an opinion about something based on the information or evidence that is available |
| demonstrate | (v) to explain or teach by showing |
| document | (n) an official paper that gives information about something; a computer file that contains text that you have written |
| dominate | (v) to control or have power over someone or something; to be the largest, most important, or most noticeable part of something |
| emphasis | (n) special importance that is given to something |
| ensure | (v) be careful or certain to do something |
| exclude | (v) to not allow someone or something to take part in an activity or enter a place; to intentionally not include something |
| framework | (n) the shape or structure of something |
| fund | (n) an amount of money that is used for a special purpose |
| illustrate | (v) to give examples in order to make (something) easier to understand; to draw pictures for a book, magazine, etc. |
| immigrate | (v) to come to a country to live there |
| imply | (v) to suggest or show something, without saying it directly |
| initial | (n) occurring at the beginning |
| instance | (n) an occurrence of something |
| interact | (v) to talk or do things with other people; to act together |
| justify | (v) to give a good reason for something |
| layer | (n) something that is over or under another (e.g., a layer of dust) |
| link | (v/n) put together two or more pieces |
| locate | (v) to find the exact position of someone or something |
| maximize | (v) to increase something as much as you can |
| minor | (adj) not very important or valuable |
| negate | (v) to make something lose its effect or value |
| outcome | (n) the final result of an activity or process |
| partner | (n) someone that you are married to or romantically involved with; someone that you are dancing or playing a sport or game with; someone who owns a business with another person |
| philosophy | (n) any personal belief about how to live |
| physical | (adj) related to the body; real things you can touch and see |
| proportion | (n) relation of parts within a whole |
| publish | (v) to make information available to the public; to prepare and print a book, newspaper, magazine, article, etc so that people can buy it. |
| react | (v) to behave or change in a particular way when something happens, is said, etc. |
| register | (v) to record information about (something) in a book or system of public records |
| rely | (v) to need someone or something for support, help, etc.; to depend on someone or something (+ on) |
| remove | (v) to take something away; to take something off |
| scheme | (n) plan |
| sequence | (n) the order in which things happen or should happen |
| sex | (n) gender - male or female |
| shift | (v) to move or to cause (something or someone) to move to a different place, position, etc. |
| specify | (v) to say or describe something in a detailed way |
| sufficient | (adj) enough |
| task | (n) job |
| technical | (adj) relating to a complex process |
| technique | (n) a particular or special way of doing something |
| technology | (n) the use of science in industry, engineering, etc., to invent useful things or to solve problems |
| valid | (adj) based on good reasons or facts that are true; legally acceptable |
| volume | (n) the amount of sound that is produced by a television, radio, stereo, etc.; an amount of something |
| access | (v/n) to be able to use, enter, or get near (something) |
| adequate | (adj) enough for some need or requirement [(adv) adequately] |
| annual | (adj) occurring once every year [(adv) annually] |
| apparent | (adj) clearly visible or understood; obvious [(adv) apparently] |
| approximate | (adj) close in value or amount but not precise [(adv) approximately] |
| attitude | (n) the way you think and feel about someone or something |
| attribute | (v) to say that (something) is because of (someone or something) |
| civil | (adj) of or relating to the people who live in a country (For exampe, "civil rights"); polite but not friendly |
| code | (n) a set of laws or regulations (examples: the tax code, the school's dress code); a set of ideas or rules about how to behave (such as a moral code) |
| commit | (v) to do (something that is illegal or harmful) such as a crime (murder, rape) or suicide; to say that (someone or something) will definitely do something |
| communicate | (v) share or exchange information, news, or ideas (communicate + with) [(n) communication] |
| concentrate | (v) focus all one's attention on a particular object or activity (concentrate + on) [(n) concentration] |
| confer | (v) to discuss something important in order to make a decision (confer + with) |
| contrast | (v/n) to be different especially in a way that is very obvious; to compare (two people or things) to show how they are different |
| cycle | (n) a set of events or actions that happen again and again in the same order : a repeating series of events or actions (cycle of life and death; the growth cycle) |
| debate | (v/n) to discuss (something) with people whose opinions are different from your own (debate + with someone; debate + about something) |
| dimension | (n) the length, width, height, or depth of something |
| domestic | (adj) relating to the running of a home or to family relations; from or in your own country |
| emerge | (v) to become known or apparent |
| error | (n) a mistake |
| ethnic | (adj) of or relating to races or large groups of people who have the same customs, religion, origin, etc. |
| goal | (n) the object of a person's ambition or effort; an aim or desired result |
| grant | (v) to agree to do, give, or allow (something asked for or hoped for) |
| hence | (adv) therefore; as a consequence; for this reason |
| hypothesis | (n) an idea or theory that is not proven but that leads to further study or discussion |
| implement | (n) a tool, utensil, or other piece of equipment that is used for a particular purpose (v) to begin to do or use (something, such as a plan) |
| implicate | (v) show (someone) to be involved in a crime. |
| impose | (v) to cause (something, such as a tax, fine, rule, or punishment) to affect someone or something by using your authority (ex. The government has imposed a tax on junk food) |
| integrate | (v) combine (one thing ) with another to form a whole |
| internal | (adj) located on the inside of something |
| investigate | (v) to try to find out the facts about (something, such as a crime or an accident) in order to learn how it happened, who did it, etc. [(n) investigation; (n) investigator] |
| job | (n) the work that a person does regularly in order to earn money |
| label | (n) a small piece of paper, fabric, plastic, or similar material attached to an object and giving information about it |
| mechanism | (n) a system of parts working together in a machine; what makes something work |
| obvious | (adj) clear, easy to see [(adv) obviously] |
| occupy | (v) to live in (a house, apartment, etc.); to fill or be in (a place or space) |
| option | (n) something that may be chosen; a choice |
| output | (n) the amount of something produced by a person, machine, or industry (opposite: input) |
| overall | (adv) with everyone or everything included; as a whole; in general (He was the fastest overall; Overall, the project was successful) |
| parallel | (adj) side by side and having the same distance continuously between them; very similar and often happening at the same time |
| parameter | (n) a rule or limit that controls what something is or how something should be done — usually plural |
| phase | (n) a part or step in a process; one part in a series of related events or actions |
| predict | (v) to say that (something) will or might happen in the future [(n) prediction] |
| principal | (n) most important; main |
| prior | (adj) existing earlier in time; previous |
| professional | (adj) paid to participate in a sport or activity; well trained (n) someone who does a job that requires special training, education, or skill |
| project | (n) a planned piece of work that has a specific purpose (such as to find information or to make something new) and that usually requires a lot of time; to display an image on a surface |
| promote | (v) to help (something) happen, develop, or increase; to give someone a higher position in the company or in a ranking [(n) promotion] |
| regime | (n) a government or routine, especially a strict one. |
| resolve | (v) to find an answer or solution to (something) (n) a strong determination to do something [(n) resolution] |
| retain | (v)to continue to have or use (something); keep something (ex: retain knowledge) |
| series | (n) a number of things or events that are arranged or happen one after the other (ex. a tv series) |
| statistic | (n) a fact or piece of data obtained from a study [(adv) statistically] |
| status | (n) the position or rank of someone or something when compared to others in a society, organization, group, etc. (high status, low status) |
| stress | (n) a state of mental tension and worry caused by problems in your life, work, etc.; something that causes strong feelings of worry or anxiety |
| subsequent | (adj) coming after something in time ; following [(adv) subsequently] |
| sum | (n) an amount of money; a simple problem in mathematics; the total amount of something |
| summary | (n) a brief statement that gives the most important information about something; using few words to give the most important information about something [(v) summarize] |
| undertake | (v) to begin or attempt (something) |
| despite | (prep) used to say that something happens or is true even though there is something that might prevent it from happening or being true (ex: Despite the rain, we had a good time) |
| achieve | to bring to a successful end; carry through; accomplish |
| acquire | to get something |
| administrate | to manage the operation of (something, such as a company or government): |
| to give something e.g. a medicine | |
| affect | to influence someone or something, or cause them to change |
| appropriate | right or correct for a particular purpose, person, occasion, |
| aspect | one part of a situation, problem, subject |
| assist | to help |
| category | a group of things of a similar type |
| chapter | a main division of a book |
| commission | a group of people who have been given responsibility to control something orto find out about something, usually by the government |
| community | all the people who live in a particular area, country, etc |
| complex | made of many different things or parts that are connected; difficult to understand |
| compute | to work out an answer or amount by using a machine |
| conclude | to bring to an end; to finish |
| conduct | the way someone behaves: the way someone organises or does something: |
| consequent | happening as a result of something |
| construct | to build something from several parts |
| consume | to use all of something: |
| to eat or drink up something | |
| credit | a way of buying something when you pay for it at a later time: |
| to do something that makes a person or organization proud of you | |
| culture | the habits, traditions, and beliefs of a country, society, or group of people: |
| music, art, theatre, literature, etc | |
| design | a drawing that shows how an object, machine, or building will be made: |
| the process of making drawings to show how something will be made: | |
| distinct | different and separate |
| element | a part of a whole or one of the parts |
| equate | to think that something is the same as something else or is as important: |
| equal to | |
| evaluate | to consider or study something carefully and decide how good or bad it is |
| feature | a typical quality, or important part of something: |
| appearance e.g. nose, eyes etc | |
| final | the last one |
| focus | a main purpose, point or interest |
| impact | the force one object hitting another: |
| the effect that a person, event, or situation has on someone or something | |
| injure | to cause harm; damage; hurt |
| institute | to start something, usually a change: an organization where people do a particular kind of scientific, educational, or social work |
| invest | to give money to a bank, business, etc, or buy something, because you hope to get a profit |
| item | one thing in a set or on a list: |
| journal | a daily record: |
| an academic publication with different articles in it | |
| maintain | to keep a thing, a place, a situation or a body in good condition |
| normal | usual, ordinary |
| obtain | to get something |
| participate | to take part in an activity |
| perceive | to think of something or someone in a particular way: |
| to notice something that is not easy to notice | |
| positive | feeling happy about something: |
| a good outcome about something: | |
| certain that something is true | |
| potential | possible it can develop into something bigger or better |
| previous | existing or happening before something or someone else |
| primary | most important: |
| first | |
| purchase | to buy something |
| range | the amount or number between a set of limits |
| region | a particular area of a place or body |
| regulate | to control an activity or process, especially by using rules |
| relevant | closely connected with the subject you are discussing or the situation you are thinking about |
| reside | to live in a particular place |
| resource | a supply of something that a country, an organization or a person has and can use, especially to increase their wealth |
| restrict | to keep within limits, as of space, action, choice or quantity |
| secure | not likely to fail or be lost: |
| safe from danger | |
| seek | to try to find or discover by searching or questioning |
| select | to choose |
| site | an area that is used for something or where something happens: |
| a place in the internet | |
| strategy | a plan that you use to achieve something |
| survey | to find out what people think or do by asking questions: |
| text | the main printed part of a book or magazine, not the notes, pictures, etc. |
| tradition | a custom or way of behaving that has continued for a long time in a group of people or a society |
| transfer | to move someone or something from one place to another |
| analyse | to study or examine something in detail, in order to discover more about it |
| approach | The way or method in which one examines or studies an issue or a concept |
| area | the number of square units required to cover a surface. |
| to assess | to analyse and determine the nature, value, or importance of |
| to assume | to take for granted; to suppose |
| authority | the right to use power |
| available | ready for use |
| benefit | an advantage or profit gained from something |
| a concept | an idea |
| to consist of | to be composed or made up of |
| to constitute | to make up the parts of; to compose |
| context | words and phrases that surround another phrase and help explain its meaning |
| a contract | an agreement between two or more parties that is enforceable in court |
| to create | to make |
| data | evidence; information gathered from observations |
| to derive | to come from |
| to define | to give the precise meaning of a word, phrase, concept or physical quantity. |
| to distribute | to hand out; deliver; ration |
| economy | A system in which people make, exchange and use things that have value. |
| environment | The surroundings or conditions in which a person, animal, or plant lives or operates |
| to establish | to set up or create |
| to estimate | to roughly calculate or judge the value, number, quantity, or extent of. |
| to be evident | to be clearly visible; obvious |
| an export | a good or service produced in the home country and sold in another country. |
| a factor | something that contributes to a result |
| to finance | to provide funding for a person or enterprise |
| a formula | a mathematical relationship or rule expressed in symbols. |
| function | the use or purpose of something |
| to identify | to know and say who someone is or what something is |
| income | money received for work or through investments. |
| to indicate | to show, to support, to suggest |
| an individual | a person |
| to interpret | to give or provide the meaning of |
| to involve | to include, to make sth a part of.. |
| an issue | a subject or problem that people are discussing |
| labour | productive work (especially physical work done for wages) |
| legal | permitted by law |
| to legislate | to make or enact laws |
| major | very important |
| method | a way of doing something; a process or procedure |
| to occur | to happen |
| percent | A fraction whose denominator of 100 is expressed as a percent sign (%). |
| a period | a given amount of time |
| a policy | a written statement of the process, procedures, rules and regulations of an organisation. |
| principle | an accepted rule of action or conduct |
| to proceed | to continue to do something that has already been planned or started |
| a process | a series of things that are done in order to achieve a particular result |
| to require | to demand officially that someone do something because of a rule or law |
| research | serious study of a subject that is intended to discover new facts about it |
| Systematic, scientific, documented study. | |
| to respond | to react to something that has been said or done |
| role | the duties and behaviours expected of someone who holds a particular status |
| something that plays a part in a process | |
| section | a separate part of something |
| sector | a part or division |
| significant | important and meaningful |
| similar | almost the same, comparable |
| source | A book, article, person, or other resource consulted for information. |
| specific | particular and exact |
| a structure | a building or other built object |
| a theory | a set of statements intended to explain something |
| to vary | to alter; to change; to fluctuate |
Created by:
nifferball
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