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KIN 303 Exam 1
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| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Compare and contrast growth, maturation, motor development, and motor learning | growth - quantitive increase of body components maturation - qualitative increase in a bodily domain MD - changes in movement due to physical development ML - gains in movement due to practice or intervention |
| What are the constraints, and what types of constraints does the Transactional View of Motor Development/Newel's Model of Constraints propose? | Constraints "help" performance reflect potential or hinder movement Individual - (structural) flexibility, center of mass (functional ) motivation, memory Environmental - (physical) lighting, weather (social) spectators, expectations Task - rules |
| How do the following theoretical perspectives explain how motor development occurs? Phase-stage theory, dynamical systems theory, perception-action approach, bioecological theory | PST - follows predictable and rigid phases DST - body, environment, tasks are always changing PAA - our perceptual and motor systems + environment interact BET - influenced by many levels of environmental factors |
| What are qualities/directions of motor skill development as proposed by the Phase-Stage Theory? | Cephalocaudal - top to bottom Proximodistal - from the center outward Differentiation - from general to specific Integration - from separate to combined |
| What is the embryonic disc and why is it significant? | 3 layer formation of the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm that forms the embryo |
| What key events are characteristic of the three trimesters? | 1st trimester - all major body organs and systems are formed 2nd trimester - fastest velocity of growth, sex can be determined, fetal movements begin, auditory system detects sound 3rd trimester - growth from weight, muscle tone increases,early immune |
| What are teratogens and how do they affect us differently during different phases of prenatal growth? | substances that cause abnormal fetal development. the earlier the phase of prenatal growth, the more likely an abnormality will occur |
| How are some external influences on prenatal development more influential than others? | |
| What are the two major growth curves and what type of information does each illustrate? | velocity curve and distance curve velocity shows the rate of growth throughout time distance shows the cumulative growth over time |
| How would you characterize the rates of growth of the various phases/periods of human growth across the lifespan? | |
| How does PHV give us information related to final adult height? (within AND between M+F) | |
| Which body segments experience the most growth during childhood and adolescence? | |
| What are some movement implications for growth differences in body proportions? | |
| What are the 5 principles of motion? | |
| How are the concepts of balance and stability different and interrelated? | |
| What are the developmental trends we see in balance during childhood and adolescence? | |
| How do we interpret Sheldon's somatotyping classification system? | |
| How does maturation status tend to impact drop-out in youth sports? | |
| define differentiation | |
| define individual-function constraint | |
| define growth | |
| define phase-stage theory | |
| define fetal period | |
| define velocity curve | |
| define integration | |
| define distance curve | |
| define sensitive/critical period | |
| define force production | |
| define stability | |
| define peak height velocity | |
| define biacromial breadth | |
| define motor development | |
| define open kinetic chain | |
| define task constraint | |
| define late maturer | |
| define bricristal breadth | |
| define consolidation process | |
| define body scaling | change the environment/objective to complement one's structural constraints |
| define perception-action approach | |
| define early maturer | |
| define action-reaction | |
| define affordance | the perceived function of an environment/object based on its size + shape + individual structure |
| define rotation | |
| define motor learning | |
| define intransitive order | |
| define attractor | a preferred state/movement based on individual + environmental constraints |
| define systems | nerves, hormones, muscles, levers, motivation, fear, gravity, floor surface, culture, etc. |
Created by:
addisonmessick04
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