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ELA Academic Vocab
terms you need to know for state testing
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| detail | *a small part or feature Text details are usually descriptions, facts, examples, comparisons, quotes, anecdotes (short stories), literary devices, figurative language) |
| convey | to make known |
| context | the words or text near a certain word or group of words and that help to explain its meaning OR the circumstances in which something exists or occurs |
| rationale | a basic reason or explanation for something |
| emphasize | stress as being important or so as to stand out |
| highlight | to center attention on : emphasize |
| develop | to make or become clear gradually or in detail |
| impact | to have an effect on |
| connection | how ideas or events are linked together |
| clarify | to make clear |
| contribute | to have a part in bringing about something |
| determine | to find out or come to a decision |
| accurate | free from mistakes (correct) |
| advance | move forward |
| juxtaposition | when two or more things are placed side by side to compare or contrast or to create an interesting effect |
| dynamic character | changes throughout the story |
| static character | stays the same throughout the story |
| protagonist | main character |
| antagonist | has conflict with the main character |
| dialogue | what the characters say |
| plot | sequence (order) of events in a story that create the action and build drama |
| diction | an author's word choice |
| allusion | a reference to another work or culture |
| pacing | the speed that things happen, change or develop |
| perspective | the author's viewpoint (the way he/she sees the situation) |
| argument | the main idea the author wants to persuade the reader to accept; they should provide valid reasons and evidence to support it |
| counterargument | reasons used to oppose an idea or argument |
| opposing viewpoint | the other side of the argument |
| relevant evidence | facts and evidence that support the central argument |
| irrelevent evidence | facts and evidence that are not connected to the central argument |
| figurative language | language that is not literal, straightforward, or factual |
| personification | figure of speech that pretends something that isn't human has human qualitites Ex. The sky was weeping. (It was raining- the sky wasn't crying) |
| irony | the opposite of what's expected Ex. saying the opposite (Of course I'd like to get soaking wet bringing in the groceries) Ex. Your date brings you dinner and you've already cooked Ex. You know the killer is in the closet but the character doesn't |
| analogy | compares two things that are similar in some important way |
| nuance | a subtle (barely noticeable) difference in meaning (gives shades of meaning) |
| bias | personal feelings or opinions that influence the way we see things |
| objective | without bias (just the facts) |
| tone | the way an author creates an attitude or mood in a piece of writing (think formal, polite, whiny, angry, hopeful, nervous, compassionate, agitated, etc.) |
| simile | a comparison of two unlike things using "like" or "as" Ex. Life is like a roller coaster. (life and roller coaster are compared because of ups and downs; uses "like") |
| metaphor | a comparison of two unlike things Ex. Life is a roller coaster (life is compared to a roller coaster because it has ups and downs) |
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