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Chapter 1 Gen Psych
General Psych Chapter 1 and notes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Psychology | Study of behavior |
| Cognitive Processes | Analysis, problem solving, evaluating, justification, memory |
| First Goal of Psychology | Describe a situation in all aspects using scientific methods, theories, observations and questionnaires. |
| Second Goal of Psychology | Make predictions. |
| Third Goal of Psychology | Understand what is going on. |
| Fourth Goal of Psychology | Influences future behaviors, mental processes and actions |
| Structualism - date | early 1900's |
| William Wundt and Edward Tichener | Famous for Structualism |
| William Wundt is credited with... | ...creating first psych lab in Germany |
| Structualism | An introspective perspective/aspect/focus. A self-analytical review of the thoughts leading up to the thought. |
| Introspection | Examining elements of your own conscience. |
| Negatives on structualism | Extremely unreliable because of self-bias. |
| Gestalt Psychology - date | Early 1900's |
| Max Wertheimer | Famous for Gestalt psychology |
| Gestalt Psychology | A whole perspective on one moment. The immediate conscious experience. "Parts are different than whole" |
| Functualism/Humanistic - date | 19th century |
| William James is the founding father of... | ...functualism which eventually turned into humanism. |
| Functualism/Humanistic - basic principles | Focus on what the mind can do rather than the structure of the mind. Emphasis on internal growth and free will, ruled by emotions. |
| Empiricism/Cognitive - date | mid 1600's |
| The founding father of Empiricism was | John Locke |
| Empiricism was continued by | Piaget |
| Schemas | prior experiences. |
| Empiricism | Mind is a blank slate until experiences. |
| Psychoanalysis was founded by | Sigmund Freud who focused on development and treatment of abnormal behavior. |
| Psychoanalysis | Unconscious aggressive and sexual impulses direct behavior. |
| Behaviorism | Your actions can be observed and measured. |
| People of behaviorism | Watson, Pavlov |
| Socio-cultural Perspective | Your culture will impact your thoughts and influences |
| Socio-cultural perspective guy | Lev Vygotsky |
| Biopsychosocial | Genes affect temperament and reactions. |
| Basic Research (4 steps) | Descriptive, correlational, experimental, action. |
| Descriptive Research | Describes situation, observations. |
| Correlational Research | Studied the relationship among variables |
| Variables | anything that varies in a study. |
| Constant | anything that stays the same in a study. |
| Experimental Research | Involves manipulation to determine the possible outcome with different variables. |
| Applied Research | Designed to answera specific question. Focuses on improving a specific purpose with implementation of the research findings. |
| Positive Correlation | Direct relationship...both increase or both decrease. |
| Negative Correlation | Inverse Relationship, one goes up and one goes down. |
| Correlational Coefficient | "r" |
| December 1879 Germany's University of Leipzig | Psychology's first experiment - testing hearing....tried to measure "atoms of the mind"...fastest and simplests mental processes. |
| Mary Whiton Calkins | First APA president. Denied her degree from Harvard. |
| Margaret Floy Washburn | First female psychology Ph.D., 2nd APA president.\ |
| Until the 1920's, the definition of Psychology was... | "the science of mental life" |
| Dates of John B Watson and B.F. Skinner | 1920's til 1960's |
| John B Watson and B. F. Skinner dismissed introspection and redefined psychology as... | ..."the scientific study of observable behavior" |
| Date of Humanistic Psychology | 1960's |
| Humanistic Psychology was in response to... | ...Freudian psychology and behaviorists. |
| Humanistic Psychology - Important figures | Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow |
| Humanistic Psychology - Basic Principles | Emphasized current environmental influences and meeting need s for love and acceptance. |
| Cognitive Revolution/ Cognitive Neuroscience | The study of brain activity underlying thought. |
| Today's definition of Psychology | scientific study of behavior and mental processes. |
| Behavior | any action we an observe and record. |
| Mental processes | Internal, subjective experiences we infer from behavior. |
| Nature v Nurture | The controversy over the relative contributions of biology and experience. |
| Hindsight bias/ I knew it all along phenomenon | The tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would ahve forseen it. An overestimation of our intuition. |
| Theory | An explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors and events. |
| Hypothesis | A testable prediction, often implied by a theory. |
| Operational Definition | A statement of the procedures (operations) used to define research variables. |
| Replication | Repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different participants in different situations, to see whether the basic finding extends to other participants and circumstances. |
| Good theories explain by... | 1. organizing and linking observed facts. 2. implying hypothesis that offer testable predictions and sometimes practical applications. |
| Illusory correlation | the perception of a relationship where none exists. |
Created by:
tasteyourtears34
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