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Neurological Week 1

QuestionAnswer
What are the three neurotransmitters involved in the sympathetic/adrenergic pathway? epinephrine, dopamine, norepinephrine
What is the main neurotransmitter involved in the parasympathetic/cholinergic pathway? norepinephrine
How do centrally acting muscle relaxants work? enhance the inhibitory effects of GABA on receptors in the spinal cord
How do peripherally acting muscle relaxants work? act directly on skeletal muscle tissue by inhibiting the release of calcium
baclofen drug information ADRs-anticholinergic pathway Contraindication-MAOI Interactions-serotonin syndrome, other anticholinergics, SSRIs Administration-oral (with food or milk), infusion pump Nursing Interventions-fluid, lozenge, fiber, activity Patient Ed-don't drive
dantrolene drug information ADRs-muscle weakness, liver toxicity Contraindication-other depressants Interactions-cardiac dysrhythmia with calcium channel blocker Admin-Oral/IV Patient Ed-oral 1-2 days preop, prolonged diarrhea Interventions-CNS depression
phenytoin drug information ADRs-CNS depression, gingival hyperplasia, Stevens Johnson Precautions-sedation, drowsiness, teratogenic Interactions-incompatible in solution with meds and dextrose solution Admin-cardiac collapse if too quick Intervention-narrow therapeutic range
carbamazepine drug information ADRs-bone marrow suppression Contraindication-pregnancy Interactions-grapefruit juice, OHC, many meds Admin-oral, IV Intervention-test for HLA-B*1502 gene Patient ed-report fluid retention
valproic acid drug information ADRs-GI upset, bone marrow suppression, liver toxicity Contraindication-pregnancy Interactions-topiramate (hyperammonemia) Admin-Oral, IV Intervention-ammonia levels, LFTs, CBC Patient Ed-neuro symptoms
oxcarbazepine drug information ADRs-SJS, bone marrow suppression, hypothyroid, osteopenia Contraindication-pregnancy class C Interactions-OHC Admin-tablet or liquid Nursing Interventions-check sodium for hyponatremia Patient Ed-neuro symptoms, HLA-B*1502
lidocaine drug information ADRs-CNS effects Precautions-no topical on broken skin Interactions-beta blockers, phenytoin Admin-topical, injection (w/ epi for longer) Intervention-monitor cardia and behavior Patient Ed-will wear off
methohexital sodium drug information ADRs-lowers HR and then bp, watch for HR increase, respiratory depression Contraindication-poor renal function Interactions-other CNS depressants Admin-IV Interventions-extravasation, monitor resp/cardiac Patient Ed-short acting, abuse potential
midazolam drug information ADRs-induces sleep, respiratory depression Precautions-temporary amnesia Interactions-other CNS depressants Admin-IV or IM Interventions-monitor resp/cardiac function, give with pain meds Patient Ed-abuse potential
fentanyl drug information ADRs-respiratory depression, constipation, nausea, itching Contraindication-MAOI Admin-lozenge, patch, IV, oral
amphetamine drug information ADRs-tolerance, withdrawal, nervousness, insomnia Contraindication-HTN, malnutrition Interactions-caffeine and other stimulants, vitamin C, MAOI Admin-oral, ER forms Intervention-growth, nutrition, bp, sleep Patient Ed-take before meals, drug holiday
methylphenidate drug information same as amphetamine
modafinil drug information ADR-nausea, diarrhea, HA, tachycardia, HTN Contraindications-younger than 16 Interactions-OHC, amphetamines, stimulants Admin-oral Intervention-monitor HTN, HR, restlessness, psych Patient Ed-SJS rash, take with food, take 1 hr before shift
baclofen therapeutic use and pharmacologic action -used to treat muscle spasms related to spinal cord injury, MS, cerebral palsy, or musculoskeletal injury -enhance inhibitory effects of Gaba on receptors in the spinal cord
dantrolene therapeutic use and pharmacologic action -ease skeletal muscle spasms -inhibit release of calcium
phenytoin therapeutic use and pharmacologic action -treat tonic-clonic and partial seizures -inhibit influx os sodium
carbamazepine therapeutic use and pharmacologic action -treat seizures, mood stabilizer in bipolar disorder, reduce pain of trigeminal neuralgia -inhibit influx of sodium
valproic acid therapeutic use and pharmacologic action -treat seizures, controls mania, helps prevent migraines -inhibit influx of sodium and calcium and enhance inhibitory effects of GABA
oxcarbamazepine therapeutic use and pharmacologic action -treat seizures -binds to sodium channels and inhibits release of glutamate
lidocaine therapeutic use and pharmacologic action -provides local anesthesia and relieves pain -block influx of sodium
methohexital therapeutic use and pharmacologic action -induce general anesthesia -cause CNS depression and enhance inhibitory effects of GABA
midazolam therapeutic use and pharmacologic action -induce general anesthesia -enhance inhibitory effects of GABA
fentanyl therapeutic use and pharmacologic action -supplements general anesthesia -narcotic agonist
amphetamine/dextroamphetamine sulfate therapeutic use and pharmacologic action -treat ADHD and narcolepsy -increase norepinephrine and dopamine
methylphenidate therapeutic use and pharmacologic action -treat ADHD and narcolepsy -increase norepinephrine and dopamine
modafinil therapeutic use and pharmacologic action -treat narcolepsy, shift-work sleepiness, obstructive sleep apnea -unclear (maybe block norepinephrine reuptake)
Created by: mbaldwin13
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